“Politics and International Relations: Key Theories, Global Issues, and Modern Perspectives”







Table of Contents
Preface

Purpose of the Book

Scope and Relevance in Today’s World
About the Author 

Part I: Foundations of Politics and International Relations


Chapter 1 Introduction to Politics and International Relations

Chapter 2 Evolution of Political Thought: From Classical to Modern Times

Chapter 3The State, Sovereignty, and Power

Chapter 4 Approaches and Methodologies in Political Science

Chapter 5 Theories of International Relations: Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism, and Beyond

Part II: Key Political Theories and Concepts


Chapter 6 Democracy and Authoritarianism: Comparative Perspectives

Chapter 7 Nationalism, Identity, and the Politics of Belonging

Chapter 8 Political Ideologies: Liberalism, Conservatism, Socialism, Feminism, and Environmentalism

Chapter 9 Global Governance and the Role of International Law

Chapter 10 Political Economy: State, Market, and Globalization

Part III: Major Global Issues


Chapter 11 War, Peace, and Security Studies

Chapter12 Nuclear Politics and the Arms Race

Chapter 13 Terrorism, Insurgency, and Asymmetric Warfare

Chapter 14 Human Rights, Humanitarian Intervention, and International Justice

Chapter 15 Environment, Climate Change, and Sustainable Development

Chapter16 Migration, Refugees, and Global Demographic Shifts

Chapter 17 Technology, Cyber Politics, and Digital Diplomacy

Part IV: International Institutions and Regional Dynamics


Chapter 18 The United Nations and Multilateral Diplomacy

Chapter 19 Regional Organizations: EU, ASEAN, AU, and SAARC

Chapter 20 The Politics of Global Trade: WTO, IMF, and World Bank

Chapter 21 Great Powers and Global Leadership: USA, China, Russia, and Emerging Powers

Chapter 22 The Global South: Development, Inequality, and Non-Aligned Movements

Part V: Modern Perspectives and Future Directions


Chapter 23 Feminist Perspectives in International Relations

Chapter 24 Postcolonialism and Global Power Imbalances

 Chapter 25 The Rise of Populism and Its Global Impact

Chapter 26 The Shifting Balance of Power in the 21st Century

Chapter 27 Future of Global Order: Cooperation or Conflict?

Conclusion

Key Takeaways

Relevance of Politics and International Relations in Everyday Life

Bibliography

Frequently Asked Questions And Their Answers 


Question Bank 

Gond Paintings



Ghui Tree 

Wild animals come to eat the leaves of the ghee tree. At the same time, a group of angry Bhanwar fish suddenly attacks those animals. All the animals run away in fear. Bhanwar captures his food.

Gaay bichhakaai ( Cow pinching)

Deepawali is the main festival among the tribals. On this occasion, the cows are pinched after 12 noon on the second day. All the cow herders observe fast. After the calf passes under the calf's legs, they observe silence. This is called Mauni.
Narmada 

Mother Narmada emerges from the Maikal mountain. To stop Mother Narmada, Pandava king Bhima carried Kanwar, Lingon Dongar and Duhi Dongar on his shoulders and placed them between Mother Narmada. But Mother takes the form of a fish and passes through both the Dongars. The same feeling has been depicted in this picture.

Serpent deity
The serpent god is holding the earth on his head




Birth of the earth
There was no one on earth then. There was only a snake and a bird. Shiv ji tells the bird to find out if there are any other animals or not. The bird gets tired. The snake said why are you sitting on my head. The bird flies away. It comes to Shankar ji with soil. Shankar ji creates the earth from that soil.

Banjari Devi. 
Banjari Devi is the goddess of the forest. On reaching the forest, the first thing we do is greet her and pray for safety. We pray to Banjari Devi to bear the weight of my wood and take me home safely. 
Shrimati Nankusia Shyam
Origin of the world.
 How the world came into being has been described through three paintings. Brahma ji obtained soil with the help of a crow and from that soil he created the earth and then the creatures living on it. All these things have been depicted through Gondi painting.
Shri Narmada Prasad Tekam 
The deer and the bird. 
The deer wanders in the forest to fill its stomach. Due to fog, it goes to the fields of the village. The birds chirp there. As soon as the deer realizes its mistake, it runs away towards the forest.
 Shri Vijay Shyam

Bagasur. 
There is a fearsome deity among the tribals. He is known as Bagasur Devta. A pig is offered to him on the occasion of marriage. It is believed that if this is not done, the couple remains childless.
Shri Rajkumar Shyam




Three births of Kadambari 
Shri Tamsiram parste 


 There was a huge silk cotton tree near Manasarovar. Many birds lived on it.One day an old hunter goes for hunting. He kills the parrots and throws them from that silk cotton tree.

Origin of Mahua liquor.
 A Baiga Bagin was returning from the forest after cutting wood. He sat down to rest under a tree. That tree was of Mahua. Then the birds sitting on the tree started screaming and started falling down one by one. Baiga was very surprised. He wanted to know the reason. He climbed the tree. He found that there was a cavity in the tree. In which rain water was collected. Mahua flowers were rotting in it. The birds drank this water and were falling down. Baiga tasted that water and he also started getting intoxicated. Baiga told this to Bagin. Bagin came home and rotted the Mahua flowers and heated the water and collected its steam. He gave it to Baiga to drink. He enjoyed it. Mahua liquor was discovered.


Kajal fish.
-Shri Manish Shyam
 A poor family had a mother and a son. The son used to plough the field. His sister used to go to feed the boy every day. One day after eating, the boy goes to the river to drink water. He sees a fish with black eyes. He gets attracted to it. From the next day onwards, he feeds all his food to the fish and himself remains hungry and becomes thin and thin. The sister sees this and tells the mother. The fish is caught. It is cooked and served for dinner. The boy realizes the incident. The fish starts singing songs. The boy buries the fish under the ground. It is believed that in the next birth, the girl is born as a girl.
Litia Chote.
 It is a story of old times. Litia (bird) flying in the sky and Chote (rat) living on the earth become friends. They become friends while living together and then they have physical contact. They start living like husband and wife. After some time Litia becomes pregnant and lays two eggs. From those eggs a beautiful creeper and a human are born. It was nature's gift that both of them were very beautiful and everyone was fascinated by them. One day a king passes by and he fights with the bull. The bull keeps fighting with the king. The bull was cultured and had knowledge too. He tells his younger brother (human) that I cannot win. As soon as I fall down you cut off my nose and tail!
When the bull falls down, his younger brother (man) cuts off his nose and tail. He makes weapons from his nose and snakes are born from his tail. Three paintings based on this story have been made by artists.
Painting by - Mrs Satrupa bai Uvesi
Matsya Avatar 
This picture depicts the Matsya Avatar of God. When the whole world was about to be submerged in water, Lord Vishnu himself took the Matsya avatar and saved animals, birds, food and other essential commodities in this world.
Gaay jagaai 
Cow Jagai has a special significance in the tribal society. It is connected to the livelihood of all the tribals as well as their religious faith. Cow Jagai is performed on the day of Kartik Amavasya. A picture is drawn and worshipped for this purpose. The next day there is a program of Mauni Bichkai.
Search for Earth 
There was water all over the world. At that time Mahadev had to create Earth. Mahadev made a crow from his dirt and sent it to search for soil. He spent many years flying. He got tired but he was not getting any place to rest. Then he saw something above the water, on which he sat. After getting rid of his fatigue for some time, he thought that many years have passed. I did not see anything here except water, but what is this thing on which I came and sat. Then he asked that thing "Who are you, how are you here"? Then that thing came out of the water. Seeing its huge form, the crow got scared! It was a huge crab. He asked the crow who called me. Then the crow said that Mahadev has sent me and I need soil. Can you tell me where I can get soil? Then the crab said O crow, I am the protector of the netherworld, I am the guard there. What you are asking for is the food of my king and queen. Then the crow requested him a lot.  Then the crab said, "Okay, I will ask my king and queen for the soil and bring it for you." When the crab went to his king and queen, they refused to give him the soil.
On this the crab said that I have promised the crow that if you do not give the soil then my promise will be false. Even then he did not agree then the crab caught his throat with his hand and pressed it. Due to which the king and queen (who were crows) spat out all the soil from their mouths. The crab took that soil and gave it to the crow, the crow went and gave it to Mahadev and Mahadev created the earth.
Lilhaari Kothi. 
Grains are stored in Lilhaari Kothi. This Kothi is quite big, for various types of decorations, pictures of Dhingna, animals, birds, flowers, moon and sun are made.
Rain and fish - 
Rainy season has been depicted in this picture. With the arrival of rain, the whole nature is filled with unique beauty. The croaking sound of frogs is an indicator of the arrival of rain and in tribal society, the arrival of rain is estimated from these natural elements.


Airy Bird.
 Airy bird lives in a pond and eats only fish. In this picture it is shown that the bird has laid two eggs and is worried about their safety. As soon as it tries to take its eggs to a safe place, a baby comes out of one of the eggs. This is what is shown here.
Two Brothers 
There were two brothers, one rich and the other poor. The rich brother did not help the poor brother. One day the poor younger brother was walking through the forest in search of food. On the way, he met an old man. He was carrying a heavy load of wood. He brought the bundle of wood to the old man's hut. Happy, the old man gave him a mill. The mill used to give whatever he asked for. The younger brother brought the mill home and asked for a lot of grains from it. He started selling the grains obtained from the mill in the market as well. He became happy. The elder brother secretly saw all this and stole the mill and put it in the boat and started running away. When the boat was going in the sea, he asked for salt from the mill. The mill started and started filling salt. But the elder brother did not know that the mill stops when the red sheet is covered. The mill was still running due to which all the water of the sea became salty.
Dance of the Peacock 
The whole world becomes cheerful in the rainy season. Peacocks also express their happiness. The arrival of the rainy season in the forest and the dance of the peacocks, both are amazing. This is shown in the picture presented here.

Cat, Mouse and Man 
A cat lived on a tree. She always troubled the mouse. The mouse screams and on hearing her voice a man comes there. The man sees the cat on the tree and the mouse on the mountain. The cat scares the mouse. Thinking this, the man puts a snare near the tree. The cat gets trapped in the snare. The cat screams. The mouse goes to the cat. Thinks that if he opens it, it will eat me. Then suddenly a crow comes on that tree. The mouse runs and goes near the snare. The crow thinks that if it tries to eat the mouse, it will open the snare, the crow goes away. Then the cat says to the mouse that hey, get me out of this snare at any cost. The mouse asks if you will eat me or not. The cat promises and from then on both of them become friends.


Crab 
It is shown in this picture that the crab came out of the earth by tearing it apart while releasing water bubbles. The creatures of the earth slowly come out through the path made by the crab. Some climb trees, some fly in the sky and some run on the earth. In this way this earth becomes beautiful.

Turtle and aquatic animals 

Once upon a time, the aquatic creatures said to the tortoise, "Tortoise King, we live inside the water. Tell us about the outside environment sometime. We will also sit on your back and see it." The tortoise took everyone around, while roaming around, everyone saw many birds and enjoyed.
Women_men equality. 

In the present times, men and women are playing an equal role. It is often seen in cities that men and women are working equally in responsibilities. Women are also working shoulder to shoulder with men in the family and society. Even in rural areas, women are playing their role responsibly in many tasks like ploughing (nagar) with men, bringing water from the mountains and participating in every social festival, sports etc. In both these paintings, equality between men and women has been depicted.
Looti_Looti Kaan Bhaai Tarkin Ke Saan 
When Chote Chuha did not find a house to live anywhere, he came behind his friend Litiya (bird)'s house and started trembling! Then Litiya takes him inside the house. Litiya cooks food but there is no vegetable in her house. Then Litiya thinks that Chote's ears are very good and anyway we both are friends. I also do not have ears. I will cut his ear too and cook vegetable from it. Litiya quietly cuts Chote's ear and cooks vegetable and after picking up the Chote, both of them eat food happily. Then a woman comes from outside with Phudra, bangles, bracelets. She calls out loudly to sell her goods, Tarki wear it Tarki. When she sees Chote's ear, she starts laughing and says "Looti Looti Kaan Bhaai Tarkin Ke Saan".
Nature
Nature is all around us, animals, birds, creatures, forests etc. An attempt has been made to show a small form of the same in this picture in which elephant, birds and trees have been depicted.
Dog and fox. 
There was a deep friendship between the dog and the fox. One day suddenly there was a fight between the two. They were going on their respective ways when suddenly a woman comes and explains to these two friends. Do not get angry and do your work. Along with that the bird also says that this is the right thing. Then the dog and the fox become friends.
Kil Kil Bird.
 The Kil Kil Bird flies by spreading its wings. Its specialty is that it traps fish with its wings and eats them.
The sandpiper bird
The sandpiper bird lays eggs on the ground. It stays near them and screams. It sleeps at night with its legs raised so that the clouds do not fall on the eggs and the eggs are saved from breaking.
Castor leaves and Thakur Dev 
In tribal tradition or customs, castor leaves are mainly put in houses during Diwali festival. It is believed that it protects against ghosts and witchcraft. On the day of Amavasya, coconut, incense sticks, Rori etc. are offered in front of Thakur Dev. Standing in front of the deities, Thakur Dev is worshipped. Going from house to house, they dance and sing. On the day of Gyaras, a chicken is sacrificed and only men eat that chicken. Women do not eat it.

Paddy harvesting
 Tribal society is a self-sufficient society. Here men and women do all the work together. The farms of the tribals are also in the forests far away from home, so harvesting the paddy and bringing it to the barn is also a laborious task. The scene of paddy harvesting is shown in this picture.
Bhanvar 
The marriages of tribal people are not conducted by Pandits. Here the marriages are conducted by Suvasa and Suvasin. The marriage rituals are shown in the picture.
Kalsa Mata: 
This picture depicts the details of the worship of Kalsa Devi. Kalsa Devi is worshipped for ten days and a wish is made to keep the light of life alive. The flame of worship keeps burning day and night.
Kheron Maai
This picture depicts a rural environment. The small Khairo Mai of the village is depicted. If one has to go out of the village, then first of all, one meditates on Khairo Mai so that no obstacle hinders the work. This belief that the work will be successful has been prevalent since ancient times. In the picture, Khairo Mai is shown along with animals, birds, trees, plants and houses.
Saila Dance: 
When there is some festival in the village, all the men of the village get together and perform Saila dance. This dance is mostly performed on Diwali. All of them wear traditional attire, make up attractively and dance in the same rhythm while playing musical instruments. The same environment has been created in this picture.
Fish and Tortoise:
 It is a matter of old times that both the fish and the tortoise were friends. Both of them used to play together since childhood. In this, there was a male tortoise and a female fish, later both of them got married. They started living their lives with each other. A happy family has been depicted in this picture.

Humans and Gods and Goddesses:
 There are many types of tribal Gods and Goddesses. Just like humans work together, similarly Gods and Goddesses also work together. They work together to find out who is causing trouble to their servants and when they get very angry, they take a terrible form and destroy that person. Gods and Goddesses always keep their servants happy.

Heron and Fish
 A heron lived on a tree on the bank of a river along with many other birds. The heron had grown old and had difficulty in catching fish. One day an eagle came flying and sat on that tree. Both of them made a conditional friendship. Together they told all the animals and fishes of the river that the water of the river is becoming poisonous. The possibilities of life in it are ending. Then the fishes asked for a way to save themselves. The heron and the eagle had already made a plan to eat the fishes. The eagle said that there is a pond nearby, if you want, we can take you there. They started taking fish one by one. One day it was the turn of an old crab. As soon as they flew with it, the crab understood that there was no other pond here. The crab grabbed the eagle's neck and the eagle released it. The crab went into the river and warned all the fishes. This picture has been made on the basis of the above story.
Pumpkin 
An old man and his wife lived in a village. They had no children. Both of them were hard workers and had planted various types of vegetables in their field on the banks of the river. One evening the old man went to his field to pluck vegetables. There was a beautiful pumpkin there and he started plucking it when he heard the sound of a child crying. The old man started looking around but he could not see anything. The old man plucked the pumpkin and took it home and kept it in a corner of the house. In the evening, both of them ate and slept. When the morning came, both of them got busy in their work. The old mother went to the kitchen to light the fire in the stove and the old man was getting ready to graze the bulls.  Then the pumpkin kept in the house called out and came out from the corner of the house and said "Baba, Baba has grown old, you are very tired and have become weak too, now I will graze the bulls. Pumpkin now goes to the forest every day with both the bulls! He comes back home in the evening after grazing them, he serves his old father and mother a lot, in this way the day passes. Seeing this work, all the gods and goddesses of the forest become pleased with Pumpkin and in the next birth give birth to Pumpkin in human form.
Satan
Initially, the Baiga people were very afraid of the devil. One day, seeing the fear and nervousness of a Baiga, a voice from the sky said that it would be better if you sacrifice a living being. The Baiga thought whose sacrifice should be made? After thinking for a while, he took his son and went to sacrifice him. On the way, the Baiga met a pig. The pig asked where are you going? Then he said that I am going to sacrifice my son. On this, the pig said that you have only one son, do not sacrifice him. We have many children. You take one of them. Similarly, when he moved forward, he found a hen, she also said the same to the Baiga. In this way, the Baiga went to sacrifice the pig and the hen. The devil was very happy with the sacrifice. From that day, the Baiga people got freedom from the fear of the devil.
Nature depiction:
 The beauty of the forest is depicted in this painting. There are trees, plants and many birds living in the forest. Peacocks and fish have been depicted very beautifully.

Bull herder:
 In this picture, Ahir has brought the cattle of the village to graze in the forest and he gets tired due to walking a long distance while grazing the cattle. He sits under a shady tree and starts taking rest. This has been depicted.
Mahua: 
In this picture, women are shown plucking and collecting Mahua from the Mahua tree. In our tribal society, women make Mahua liquor and welcome guests. Therefore, tribal brothers, sisters, mothers go to the forest to collect Mahua, bring it back, dry it in the sun and make Mahua liquor. In the tribal tradition, Mahua is also used in worship and medicines are also made from it.
Angan ka Kham:
 There is a Kham pit in the house of a Panda or Gunia. By worshipping it, the sorrows of the unhappy people end and by worshipping it, the shadow of ghosts never reaches that house. This Kham is worshipped with coconut, betel nut, wood apple, incense sticks. It has great importance in the tribal society.
Story of Litia and Chote:
 Two friends named Litia and Chote lived in a village. Very soon the rainy season was about to come, due to which Litia said to Chote that let's build a house, friends it is about to rain, but Chote was very lazy. He avoided the matter by saying that no friend, I will live in a hole wherever I find it. If I find a tree then I will live in the tree, otherwise I will live in someone's house. Hearing this, Litia starts building her house for the rainy season. This year, there is so much rain that Chote is not able to arrange a house anywhere and being sad, he starts living in Litia's house.

Old Elephant: 
There lived a very old elephant in a jungle. One day he goes to the river to drink water. There are many crabs in the river and these crabs attack the old elephant. The elephant starts running with his trunk raised to save his life. Then he sees a monkey on a tree. He asks for help from him but that monkey is also selfish. In return, he puts a condition to the elephant that if you take me on your back and take me around the jungle and pluck fruits for me, then I will help you. The helpless elephant accepts the monkey's condition out of compulsion and helps him.


Bade Dev:
 When there is an auspicious occasion, the Gond king invites Bade Dev. The Pradhan takes Bade Dev to the Gond king and there Bade Dev is worshipped and all the people worship Bade Dev one by one. After that the Pradhan sits in the courtyard with his Bana (Bade Dev) and starts singing songs to wake up Bade Dev. When the Pradhan narrates a story, all the people sit together and listen to that story, the story continues day and night and in the end everyone together donates thali, lota, grains, jewelry, money etc. from their homes. After donating, they pray for their well-being and take blessings from Bade Dev.

The pain of the bird: 
In this painting, the artist has expressed the feelings of the bird that humans are destroying trees and plants. And the birds are feeling sad.

Doomar tree: 
Doomar tree is shown in this picture. Many birds have their nests on this tree. Doomar tree has special importance in tribal society. It is used for making Magrohi pillars and mandap in marriage ceremony and this tree is considered auspicious.
Goddess worship: 
Fasting is observed with devotion during the Navaratri days in the month of Chaitra. There is also a tradition of Jwara dwarf on this occasion. Many times gods visit the Panda and Pandin , at that time many acts like taking trishul, hitting the chain etc. are performed. All these are shown in this picture.
Deer and Peacock: 
The beauty of nature has been described in this painting. There is a flood scene in the river and a woman is sitting on its bank who wants to cross the river. A peacock is sitting on the tree and a deer is standing.



Machan: 
The tribals living in the forest build huts on big trees to save their lives. Wild animals can attack at any time, so this Machan is built to save them.
Fish Queen: 
There was a very big pond in a village. By bathing in it, men and women became very beautiful. One day an old mother told this story to her greedy daughter-in-law. The daughter-in-law went to bathe in the pond and there a big fish swallowed her. In this way, the result of greed is bad, this sentiment is depicted in the picture.
Mahua Devi: 
Mahua tree is revered in the tribal society. Water is made from its flowers and offered. Women observe Harchat fast in which also Mahua flower is made as prasad. The fast is broken with the toothpick of the same tree, hence Mahua tree is considered a goddess.
Lion and Elephant: 
This picture shows a tree, a lion and an elephant. The lion is ready to hunt the elephants and the elephants want to escape from the lion. The scene of the jungle is shown in this picture.
Jal Dharani Devi: 
This picture shows the worship of Jal Dharani Devi. After immersion of the pot, the river water is brought home and sprinkled on all the deities of the house. The pot is kept at the place of worship. Doing this brings happiness and prosperity in the house.

Sarai tree: If anyone gets married in the village, it is mandatory to bring a Sarai tree. First the Sarai tree is worshipped and then its wood is brought. A pavilion is made from it and it is buried in the middle of the courtyard. Sitting under it, turmeric is applied to the bride and groom.
Narmada
 Once upon a time, Maa Narmada was going from Maikal mountain in anger in the form of a river, then Shri Ganesh ji thinking of Maa as an ordinary river goes there with his children to take a bath. The forest, trees and plants tell Shri Ganesh ji that this is not an ordinary river, but Maa Narmada ji. Who is going from Maikal mountain in anger, then Shri Ganesh ji along with all his children bow down to Maa with folded hands. Everyone celebrates by taking a joyful bath.
Dashaheen Mata:
 Some gods and goddesses of the tribals are inauspicious. If their demands are not fulfilled at the right time, they trouble the children or any person in the house. Jawara is organized for Dashaheen Mata once in the second or third year. If this is not done, then these gods and goddesses take a huge form and cause trouble. Tribals have to do all kinds of work like Nava, Khavai, Athvai etc. only then the gods and goddesses of the house remain happy.
Mahua Devi
: Mahua Devi resides in the Mahua tree. The people of the Gond tribe worship it. Flowers drip from the Mahua tree, from which liquor is made. The Gond people please the gods and goddesses by sprinkling Mandpani. The gods and goddesses of the Gond society are not pleased without Mandpani. In the society, Mandpani is the first thing to be welcomed at the time of marriage, birth of children, happiness and sorrow. This increases the beauty of the society and everyone talks to each other with an open soul. It turns enmity into friendship.
Khujlaiya: 
In the month of Bhadon, all the girls in their respective houses in the villages go to sow Khujlaiya with a piece of paper. After nine days, they pick up the basket of Khujlaiya and immerse it in the pond of the village by placing it on their heads. After that, all the girls together make friends by placing Khujlaiya in each other's ears.
Trees and birds: 
This picture shows that due to the absence of trees, animals and birds are crying and describing the loss caused by cutting trees. Trees and plants are necessary from the environmental point of view. Day by day, the ecosystem is being damaged due to cutting of trees.
Madai
: Madai fair is held in the month of Poos. The villagers participate in it with enthusiasm. Those who do not have children go to Madai and make a wish. If that wish is fulfilled, then that person keeps a Madai. Madai is held once in every three years. Madai fair provides relief from every trouble. That is why Madai has a lot of recognition in the village.
God resides in the tree: 
This picture depicts that God resides in the tree. Mahavir Hanuman resides in the tree. Children grazing cows, buffaloes and goats climb the tree while playing, due to which the tree god becomes angry and the children run away from there in fear.
Curse of Narmada:
 Damgarh village situated in the mountains, amidst dense forests, is cursed by the gods. At this cursed place, Maa Narmada river has flowed to Patal Lok. The animals of the forest yearn for water. These animals start dying without water. Then their anger calms down and the river starts flowing again. Due to which, after a few months, they get water and dance with joy.
Baiga and Tiger: 
A Baiga named Latiya lived in a forest. His wife was pregnant. One day Baiga and his wife went to the forest to dig tubers. Baiga dug tubers at one place and his wife dug tubers at another place. While she was digging tubers, she started having pain in her stomach. She shouted and said to Baiga, “Oh my stomach is hurting.” As soon as she said this, a deity came upon Baiga. He started shouting, “Auchha Ouchha.” He said to his wife, “Oh Goddess, if it is a boy, don’t bring it to me. If it is a girl, bring it.” Crying in pain, the poor woman said to Baiga, “Why shouldn’t I bring it to you when a boy is born?” Baiga replied, “If it is a boy, I will have to go to others to get a bride for him and I will have to touch the feet of others. If a girl is born, people will come to me and fall at my feet.” The child was born at that very moment. That Baigin had given birth to a boy.  When Baiga heard this, he became furious and using a stick used to dig tubers, he plucked some sparrows from a saja tree. Holding them in his hand, he recited a mantra. He transformed the sparrows into a tiger and a tigress so that they could eat the child. When the mother saw this, she left the child and ran away. The tiger and tigress found the child and discussed among themselves that the child is still small and will not fill their stomachs. So they kept the child with themselves. The child grew up and started hunting for tigers and tigresses with a bow and arrow. Since the tiger was created by Baiga and the child was brought up by the tiger, the tiger and Baiga became friends. Even today, Baiga considers the tiger as his brother.
Bird and Human: 
A snake chased and caught a man. The snake was taking him to the jungle. Then on the way, the man saw a fruit tree. The man said to the snake: O snake, I am very hungry and I want to eat fruit. The snake let him go to eat the fruit. The snake surrounded the tree and stopped there. The man climbed the tree and started crying. The birds sitting on the tree told him the way to escape. They said that we will stop the snake. You run away. In this way, those birds saved the man by chasing him away from another route.
Kajaliya: 
On the Saptami Tithi of Shukla Paksha of Sawan month, some wheat seeds are sown with soil in a new bamboo basket and are worshipped. They are cared for for seven days. The plants grow in green and yellow colour. After the full moon, it is immersed in a river or pond. The girls of the village carry the sprouts on their foreheads. In this picture, the girls are going to immerse the sprouts. This scene has been depicted.
Sun and Moon:
 When Lord Shankar was creating the earth, there was a lot of darkness. Due to the darkness, Lord Shankar created two lamps, which we call Sun and Moon. Sun and Moon are depicted in this picture.
Condition of Swayamvar:
 In the condition of Draupadi's Swayamvar it was said that Arjun, if you are such a good archer, then shoot an arrow in the eye of a fish, only then you will marry Draupadi. ​​In this picture, Arjun and the fish on which the target is to be shot are shown.

Sampati and Jatayu

Sampati and Jatayu were two brothers. One day the elder brother Sampati thought that both of them should compete and he was very strong. Sampati said to Jatayu, we have to play a game, do you agree? Jatayu asked which one? He said that the one who reaches the sun first will be the strongest. Jatayu told Sampati that the sun is very inflammable. This game would not be fair, but Sampati wanted to play this game. Jatayu started insulting him. Jatayu also agreed to this game. Both the brothers flew towards the sun and as people started going closer to the sun, their bodies started burning. Jatayu understood. In the desire to win, Sampati reached near the sun at a fast speed and got burnt and fell on the mountain.

Shri Sukhiram Marawi

Bana Dev

Bada Dev (Bana) is worshipped with great devotion in the God community. Once it was decided to call people of all castes of the village and test the glory of the gods and goddesses. A gold ring was thrown into a river. That river was very deep. All the people of high castes performed puja and worship but the ring did not come out. Later, the Pradhan worshipped his son and started praying to Bade Dev while singing Bana songs. Then Bade Dev jumped into the river in the form of a fish and brought out the gold ring. Since then Bana is worshipped as Bade dev

Peepal and Thakur lion

The people of Patnagarh have a deep love for their Bana ring.

Patangarh is a stronghold of gods and goddesses where Thakur Dev (in the form of a lion) lives in the east and Mehrelin Bai Devi (in the form of a deer) lives in the west. These gods and goddesses are worshipped with great devotion in the village. They are appeased by worshipping them. When there is a Navakhai in the village, then at night Thakur Dev (lion) comes to that Navakhai and eats the leftover stale leaf plate. On the other hand, if any external disease or illness comes from anywhere, then these gods and goddesses stop them and give signals to the people of the village. The people of the village understand the signals and take measures for it.

95
Mr. Chainsingh Dhurve

Old Peacock

There lived a very old peahen in the bungalow. She had a specialty, she was seen dancing spreading her legs only once a year. One day a tree asks why do you do this? Then the peahen says that I wander around for my worship, so I get an opportunity to be happy only once a year.

96

Mrs. Anita Chayam

The Deer and the Bird

A bird and a deer lived in a forest. The deer chose a bird for friendship. The bird said that you are full but your twelve horns do not have greenness, so I will not befriend you. The deer insisted the bird that Queen Bird, you befriend me because I am alone and no one accompanies me.

97
Mrs. Anita Vyam

Means of livelihood Trees

There are many fruit and flower trees in the village. Women earn money by selling wood or fruits to raise their children and buy rice, pulses and other essential items. The picture shows a number of women collecting fruits and flowers from trees.



98

Mrs. Budhwariya Vyam

Khanihar



All the tribal families (farmers) together harvest the crop for the coming year, dry it, clean it and store it in the storehouse and collect the remaining para (a large mound of grass) for their oxen to eat. The tribal farmer along with his domestic animals is dependent on the khanihar i.e. field and crop. Therefore, the whole family works hard every year to sow, grow and eat the crop.

99
Mrs. Geeta Patta

Exorcism

This picture shows the tradition of the village. In villages, the sick person is not taken to the doctor but is exorcized by the Vaidya. The Vaidya does tantra-mantra and exorcism in a secluded place and sacrifices a rooster. In this picture, a river, animals and birds are shown.

100



Shri Santosh Marawi

Bird's request to man

The bird says it needs some soil and your support. You humans should stop cutting trees the way you do. Have pity on me. Leave a place for me to live so that my life can go on successfully and you can also live your life successfully.



101

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### *Step 1: Introduction – Who is Lalit Mohan Shukla?*


Lalit Mohan Shukla is an eminent educationist, historian, best-selling author, inspirational speaker, and prolific blogger whose publications have inspired thousands across the globe. With expertise spanning multiple disciplines such as science, history, literature, nanotechnology, education, tourism, and competitive examinations, his writings are a beacon for young minds and working professionals alike.



### *Step 2: Multi-disciplinary Approach – A Rare Gift*

One of the defining features of Lalit Mohan Shukla’s publications is his *multi-disciplinary approach. His books and articles seamlessly integrate knowledge from various fields. This not only enhances general awareness but also helps readers develop **holistic thinking* – a vital trait for success in the 21st century.

### *Step 3: Value-Driven Content for Youth*

His works such as "Motivational Poetry", "Life's Inspiring Words", and "Managing Excellence School" provide *moral guidance, **emotional intelligence, and **inspirational content* for young readers. These publications instill:
* Self-confidence
* Positive attitude
* Leadership values
* Creative vision
Such emotional nourishment is essential in the current age of digital distractions.
---

### *Step 4: Career-Oriented Publications for Professionals*

For working professionals, Shukla's handbooks—like:
* Handbook for AI, IT, and Blogging Terminology
* Handbook for Sports Terminology
* Handbook of English Language and Literature
* Nanotechnology Unveiled
* Handbook for History and Archaeological Terminology
serve as *ready-reference guides*, enhancing both knowledge and professional communication. These resources help in:
* Interview preparation
* Report writing
* Technical documentation
* Project planning


### *Step 5: Empowering Competitive Exam Aspirants*

Shukla’s contributions to competitive exam preparation are particularly significant. His works offer:
* Concise and updated subject matter
* Examination-specific vocabulary
* Insightful tips for Civil Services, SSC, and NET aspirants
He combines deep subject expertise with exam pattern familiarity, which is a winning combination for aspirants.


### *Step 6: Global Appeal Through Blogging*

His inspirational blog *[https://getinspirebylalit.blogspot.com](https://getinspirebylalit.blogspot.com)* is a treasure trove of:
* Life lessons
* Motivational write-ups
* Historical insights
* Educational thoughts
With a *global readership*, this blog is making a consistent impact on readers looking for inner strength and clarity.

### *Step 7: Fostering Innovation & Scientific Temper*

Books like "Global Science Today" and "Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery" empower science lovers and budding researchers with cutting-edge insights. Shukla’s ability to *simplify complex concepts* makes science accessible and interesting, nurturing scientific curiosity.
---

### *Step 8: Cultural & Historical Preservation for Future Generations*

As a historian, Lalit Mohan Shukla revives India’s glorious past through accessible language. His efforts in *translating folk tales, documenting **archaeological terminology, and highlighting **cultural tourism* are valuable for *cultural continuity and heritage appreciation*.
---

### *Step 9: Writing for the Future – E-Books and Digital Literacy*

Lalit Mohan Shukla has successfully embraced the digital revolution through *e-book publishing. His book *“E-books: Competitive Edge” guides upcoming authors, students, and marketers on how to harness digital platforms for success—making him a mentor for aspiring digital entrepreneurs.


### *Step 10: Conclusion – A Torchbearer for Knowledge and Growth*

In a world full of noise, Lalit Mohan Shukla’s publications stand out as *sources of wisdom, clarity, and direction. His writings are not just informative—they are **transformational*.
For young generations seeking identity and professionals aiming for excellence, Shukla’s works provide a *roadmap to success*, built on values, intellect, and vision.


🔖 *Hashtag Movement: #LalitMohanShukla*

Let’s share, read, and get inspired. Because when knowledge meets values, *transformation happens*.

*Biography And Publications of Lalit Mohan Shukla*


Lalit Mohan Shukla is a distinguished Indian author, educator, and multidisciplinary scholar whose work spans education, history, literature, and cultural studies. With over three decades of teaching experience, he has significantly contributed to academic literature and public discourse, particularly in areas such as English education, archaeology, forestry, and community development. 





 ### 🎓 Academic Background & Teaching Career

Shukla holds a science degree and postgraduate qualifications in Archaeology, English Literature, and Education. He also earned an M.Phil. in Ancient Indian History, Culture, and Archaeology. Throughout his 30-year teaching career, he has been instrumental in supporting students struggling with English language proficiency and comprehension across various subjects. His dedication to education has inspired him to author several influential books aimed at enhancing students' command of English in specialized fields. ([Google Books][1])

### 📚 Literary Contributions

Lalit Mohan Shukla is a prolific writer whose works encompass a wide range of subjects:

* *Educational Resources*: He has authored several handbooks designed to bridge the gap between language and subject-specific knowledge, including:

  * Handbook of AI, IT and Blogging Terminology
  * Handbook of Science Terminology
  * Handbook of Forestry Terminology, which is particularly beneficial for students and professionals in forestry-related fields. ([Google Books][1])

* *Cultural and Historical Works: Shukla's passion for history and architecture is evident in his book *Mandu: The Majestic Saga of History and Architecture, where he combines field visits and archival research to provide rare insights into the historical city of Mandu. ([Amazon][2])

* *Health and Personal Development: In *From Awareness to Action: Transforming Your Health Journey, he offers a comprehensive guide that empowers readers to take control of their health by blending actionable strategies, expert insights, and real-life examples. ([Amazon][3])

* *Motivational and Inspirational Writing: His work *A Heart's Desire: Unveiling the Soul's Deepest Longings delves into the complex path of desires, where passion meets purpose, and dreams collide with reality. ([Amazon][4])

* *Biographical and Analytical Works: In *Global Icons: Inspirational Attributes of the World's Best Actresses, Shukla explores the biographies, career milestones, and attributes that define some of the world's most renowned actresses. ([Amazon][5])

* *Educational Leadership: His recent publication, *Excellence Schools: Unlocking the Secrets to Building Outstanding Educational Institutions, provides a comprehensive guide for school leaders, educators, and policymakers aiming to foster academic excellence and holistic education. ([Google Books][6])


### 🌐 Public Engagement

Beyond his publications, Shukla actively engages with the public through various platforms. He maintains a presence on social media, sharing his poetry and insights on education and motivation.  His contributions to newsletters and articles on platforms like LinkedIn further reflect his commitment to knowledge dissemination and community empowerment. ([Facebook][7], [LinkedIn][8])

### 🏆 Legacy and Impact

Lalit Mohan Shukla's multifaceted career as an educator and author has left a lasting impact on various fields. His dedication to enhancing English proficiency among students, coupled with his extensive writings on diverse subjects, underscores his commitment to education and lifelong learning. Through his works, Shukla continues to inspire readers to pursue knowledge, embrace cultural heritage, and strive for personal and community development.

If you would like more detailed information on any specific aspect of Lalit Mohan Shukla's work or contributions, feel free to ask! in comments below.


*Publications* refer to the process or result of producing and distributing content in a tangible or digital format, often for public consumption. This can encompass a variety of mediums and formats, including books, journals, magazines, newspapers, reports, online articles, and multimedia content. Publications serve various purposes, such as disseminating information, sharing research, entertaining, or providing educational http://getinspirebylalit.blogspot.com/2024/09/horizons-of-tourism.html.

 l



 Types of Publications

1. *Print Publications*: Books, magazines, newspapers, brochures, pamphlets, and printed reports.



2. *Electronic Publications*: E-books, digital magazines, online journals, blogs, and websites.
3. *Academic Publications*: Research papers, journals, theses, and conference proceedings.
4. *Government and Corporate Publications*: Official reports, white papers, and policy documents.
5. *Creative Publications*: Poetry anthologies, novels, art books, and photography collections.

### Key Aspects of Publications
- *Authorship*: Created by individuals or teams, often credited to an author, editor, or organization.
- *Editing*: Content is reviewed and refined for accuracy, readability, and alignment with the intended purpose.
- *Design*: The layout, typography, and visuals are optimized for the medium and target audience.
- *Distribution*: Methods of delivering the publication to the audience, such as bookstores, libraries, digital platforms, or direct mail.
- *Purpose*: Publications may aim to inform, educate, entertain, inspire, or advocate for specific causes.

### Examples
- Academic journals like Nature or The Lancet.
- Books like Horizon of Tourism by Lalit Mohan Shukla.
- Blogs, such as getinspirebylalit.blogspot.com.

- Newspapers like The New York Times.
- Digital platforms like Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP). 


Publications are vital in preserving knowledge, facilitating communication, and fostering intellectual and cultural growth. 

My Publications : Clique on the book link below 

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E- BOOKs 































### **Lalit Mohan Shukla: A Distinguished Author and Scholar**  

Lalit Mohan Shukla is a globally acclaimed author, historian, and scholar renowned for his diverse literary contributions. With a strong academic background in Science, Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, English Literature, and Education, he holds postgraduate degrees in multiple disciplines, along with an M.Phil. in Ancient Indian History, Culture, and Archaeology.  

#### **A Prolific Writer**  
Mr. Shukla has authored several best-selling books and e-books, covering a wide range of subjects, including history, science, literature, tourism, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, and personal development. His books are widely appreciated for their depth of research, clarity of thought, and engaging writing style. Some of his notable works include:  

- *E-books: Competitive Edge*  
- *Handbook for History and Archaeological Terminology*  
- *Handbook of Science Terminology*  
- *Handbook of English Language and Literature*  
- *Horizon of Tourism*  
- *Nanotechnology Unveiled: Exploring Benefits, Applications, and Essential Precautions*  
- *Life's Inspiring Words: Empowering Quotes for Everyday Strength and Motivation*  

His books have become valuable resources for students, scholars, and professionals across various domains.  

#### **An Authority in Multiple Fields**  
Lalit Mohan Shukla is an expert in numerous areas, including history, archaeology, tourism, education, psychology, literature, skill development, financial management, and environmental conservation. He has made significant contributions to cooperative development, urban planning, and employment strategies. His expertise in blogging and social media monetization has also helped many aspiring writers and entrepreneurs succeed in the digital landscape.  

#### **A Passion for Literature and Folklore**  
Apart from his academic and professional contributions, Mr. Shukla is deeply interested in preserving and promoting cultural heritage. He has collected and translated folk tales, ensuring that these traditional stories reach a wider audience while retaining their cultural essence.  

#### **A Global Influence**  
His blog, *Get Inspire by Lalit* (https://getinspirebylalit.blogspot.com), is widely read across the globe, featuring insightful articles on motivation, personal growth, and various academic subjects. His influence extends beyond writing, as he is also a film critic, public speaker, and tourism expert, helping people explore history and culture through a unique lens.  

#### **An Inspirational Figure**  
Lalit Mohan Shukla’s works continue to inspire generations of readers, students, and professionals. His dedication to knowledge, research, and innovation makes him a towering figure in modern literature and academia. Whether through his books, articles, or insightful lectures, he remains a beacon of wisdom and inspiration. 

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Advantages of Reading Publications Based on Current Trends and Research*


Reading publications rooted in current trends and contemporary research provides a critical edge in today’s fast-paced world. Whether in academia, industry, or personal development, staying updated through reliable publications empowers individuals and organizations with timely, evidence-based knowledge that fosters informed decision-making, innovation, and adaptability.

One of the foremost advantages is *awareness of the latest developments*. Publications based on current trends help readers keep pace with new technologies, evolving policies, changing market dynamics, and emerging societal issues. This real-time insight is crucial for professionals, students, and policymakers who aim to remain relevant and competitive in their fields.

Secondly, such readings *promote critical thinking and analytical skills*. Research-based content encourages readers to evaluate data, interpret results, and understand complex issues through a structured lens. This nurtures an evidence-based mindset, essential for academic rigor and strategic problem-solving.

Moreover, reading trend-based publications helps in *identifying opportunities and threats* in various domains. Entrepreneurs, investors, and business leaders can spot emerging markets, disruptive innovations, and consumer behavior changes, allowing them to pivot or strategize proactively.

Another significant benefit is the *enhancement of academic and professional credibility*. Referencing updated research in discussions, reports, or proposals reflects depth of knowledge and intellectual engagement, increasing the respect and trust one commands in scholarly and professional settings.

In a globalized and interconnected era, such readings also foster *cross-disciplinary learning and global perspectives*. Readers can explore how global trends influence local actions and vice versa, enabling holistic understanding and collaboration across borders.

In conclusion, reading publications based on current trends and research is not just a habit but a strategic necessity. It fuels growth, fosters innovation, refines decision-making, and equips individuals to lead and contribute effectively in their respective arenas.

The keyword "#LalitMohanShukla" brings up information about a multi-faceted individual, primarily an independent blogger, author, and educator from Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. Here are some remarkable results and contributions associated with him:

1. Extensive Blogging and Writing:

 * Prolific Blogger: Lalit Mohan Shukla has published an impressive collection of over 2100 blogs on self-publishing platforms like Blogger. These blogs cover a wide range of topics, often focusing on motivation, education, and general knowledge.
 * Author of Diverse Books: He has authored numerous books, available on platforms like Amazon and Goodreads, across various genres:
   * Educational/Informational: "Handbook Of Science Terminology," "Petroleum and Natural Gas: The Ultimate Guide to Energy Resources and Future Power," "Hybrid Cars Uncovered," "Textile Industries: A Complete Guide to Fabric, Fashion & Innovation," "Mastering Essay Writing for Competitive Exams: Tips, Topics, & Strategies."
   * Self-Help/Motivational: "Motivational Poetry by Lalit Mohan Shukla," "From Awareness to Action: Transforming Your Health Journey," "Inspirations From Bhagavad Gita: Timeless Wisdom for Life."
   * Social/Economic: "Empowering Growth: The Rise of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises," "Empower, Educate, Elevate: The Essence of Women and Child Development," "Commercial Success: The Science of Trade and Growth."
   * Cultural/Historical: "Mandu: The Majestic Saga of History and Architecture," "Folk Tale From World: Timeless Tales Across Cultures."
 * Quora Contributor: He is an active and highly viewed contributor on Quora, sharing insights on various subjects including statistics, planning, space achievements, rural development, and general management.

2. Contributions in Education:

 * Experienced Educator: Lalit Mohan Shukla has a strong background in education, with an M.Phil. degree in Ancient Indian History, Culture, and Archaeology. He has taught subjects like Science, English, and Social Sciences.
 * Secretary of Model Schools: He has served as the Secretary of two model schools under the government of Madhya Pradesh (Gyanodaya Vidyalaya Narmadapuram and Eklavya Model Residential School Bhopal), where he played a key role in improving educational standards.
 * Consistent Results: He is noted for achieving a "100% results" track record for his students over 20 years.

3. Recognition and Impact:

 * "Best Entry" Awards: His articles and entries have been selected by "Leading Employment News," highlighting his insightful expertise and dedication to empowering aspirants.
 * Inspiring Figure: Through his writing and educational endeavors, he aims to inspire and uplift individuals, focusing on personal growth and success.
In summary, searching for "#LalitMohanShukla" reveals a dedicated individual with a significant online presence, who has made remarkable contributions as an author, blogger, and educator, particularly in the fields of self-improvement, general knowledge, and social commentary.

“Politics and International Relations: Key Theories, Global Issues, and Modern Perspectives”

Table of Contents Preface Purpose of the Book Scope and Relevance in Today’s World About the Author  Part I: Foundations of Politics and Int...