The heroic story of Veer Tejaji

The heroic story of Veer Tejaji 

1) When is this dance performed _

This dance is performed in the month of Bhadon. During the entire month of Bhadon, dances are also performed while singing with musical instruments. This heroic tale is organized in the form of a fair from Saptami of Bhadrapada Shukla to Dashami of Bhadrapada Shukla. On the day of the fair, "Bhopa" rides Tejaji, and also on the night of Chhatvi, "Bindodi" is taken out in the entire village and locality. In this Bindodi, Bhopa crawls like a snake along with the singing and dancing artists. And he goes from house to house drinking raw milk and has a burning "charank" in his hand which is waved in front of the main door of the house.

There is a belief in Sahariya tribe that this removes all the sorrows, problems and diseases from the house and also keeps snakes and scorpions from coming into the house. Only men live in Bidodi. It is also believed that Veer Tejaji has received this boon from the snake that "With my grace you will be worshiped in Kalyug and the people tortured by me (serpent) will be cured by you." It is also believed that if a person If you get bitten by a snake or scorpion, apply dust, ash, bani or fine soil in the name of Veer Tejaji on the bitten place so that its poison will not enter the body and it will be easier to reach the hospital or exorcist for treatment. On the day of Tejaji fair, "Bandh" is cut for the people tormented by snakes and scorpions by Veer Tejaji and Bhopa. The meaning is that if a person has been bitten by a snake or a scorpion and he has survived, then on a dirty day, "poison" automatically starts swinging in his body and he starts twitching, then Bhopa spear. He touches his body with his hand and makes a round circle and cuts his band. Not only this, in many fairs, Bhopa jumps into a river, well, pond or other water source, catches a black snake, puts it around his neck and comes out.  Tejaji singing and dancing is the famous singing and faith center of Sahariya tribe of Sheopur district.

 2.

How many people participate in the events – In the heroic tales of Veer Tejaji, the number of dancers and singers ranges from 15 to 20.

3. 

Costumes – Dhoti, Angarkha, turban, shoulder scarf, jewelry, anklets, etc., are worn. Ornaments like earrings, bracelets, and armlets are also part of the traditional attire.

4. Attire and Appearance** – On their heads, they wear a turban, a scarf, a cap, a headband, a dhoti, a kurta, and tie a waistband around their waist.

5. Who plays the musical instruments?** – Only male artists play the musical instruments.

6.Origin: _ In the literal sense, the word Sahariya is derived from the word Sahar which means to bear or tolerate, i.e. to tolerate the poignant ability to live life while living in the forests. There is no authentic information about the origin of Sahariya tribe, but the elders tell that our grandfathers and great grandfathers came from the village to teach or lived in the forest at a certain place. Sahariya tribe has been mainly a forest dweller. Their origin dates back to the period before Ramayana. Even today, in the forest of Sheopur district, at a village called "Phulda", identification marks like big holes, caves, etc. are found on the old stone walls, pictures of animals on the rocks and on other walls. Sahariya tribe is called forest dweller brave in many places because they reside in the forests. This tribe is mainly found in Sheopur, Shivpuri, Guna, Vidisha, Morena, Datia, Bara (Rajasthan), Bhind, Gwalior.

Ramjeelal Sahariya  

Village Sambadi, Post Office Awrad, Tehsil Karahal  

District Shivpuri M.P.  

Mobile No.: 8889263833

Community Development: Advantages and Procedure

## Community Development: Advantages and Procedure

### Introduction

Community development is a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems. It involves various activities that enhance the well-being of individuals and groups, promoting social, economic, and environmental development. This blog will explore the advantages of community development and the procedures involved in successfully implementing community development projects.

### Advantages of Community Development

1. *Empowerment*:

   Community development empowers individuals by involving them in decision-making processes, giving them a sense of ownership and control over their future. This empowerment fosters self-reliance and confidence.

2. *Improved Quality of Life*:

   By addressing local issues such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure, community development initiatives improve the overall quality of life. Better access to services and resources leads to healthier and more educated populations.

3. *Social Cohesion*:

   Community development fosters social cohesion by bringing people together to work towards common goals. This unity reduces social isolation, builds stronger relationships, and enhances community spirit.

4. *Economic Growth*:

   Community development often includes economic initiatives like job creation, support for local businesses, and skill development programs. These efforts stimulate local economies and reduce poverty levels.

5. *Sustainable Development*:

   By focusing on long-term solutions and utilizing local resources, community development promotes sustainability. Projects often include environmental conservation efforts, ensuring that development does not come at the expense of future generations.

### Procedure for Community Development

#### 1. *Assessment and Planning*

*Identify Needs*: Conduct surveys, interviews, and community meetings to identify the most pressing issues and needs within the community.

*Resource Mapping*: Identify available resources, both within and outside the community, including financial, human, and material resources.

*Set Objectives*: Establish clear, achievable goals based on the identified needs and available resources.

*Develop a Plan*: Create a detailed action plan outlining the steps needed to achieve the set objectives. This plan should include timelines, responsibilities, and resource allocation.

#### 2. *Community Mobilization*

*Engage Stakeholders*: Involve all relevant stakeholders, including community members, local authorities, and organizations. Their support and participation are crucial for the success of the project.

*Raise Awareness*: Use various communication channels to inform the community about the project, its objectives, and how they can participate.

*Form Committees*: Establish committees or working groups to oversee different aspects of the project, ensuring broad representation from the community.

#### 3. *Implementation*

*Execute the Plan*: Follow the action plan, ensuring that all activities are carried out as scheduled. This may involve construction, training programs, health initiatives, etc.

*Monitor Progress*: Regularly monitor the progress of the project to ensure it stays on track. Use indicators and feedback mechanisms to assess performance and make necessary adjustments.

*Community Participation*: Encourage ongoing community involvement through meetings, feedback sessions, and volunteer opportunities.

#### 4. *Evaluation and Sustainability*

*Evaluate Outcomes*: After the project is completed, conduct a thorough evaluation to assess its impact. Gather data on the improvements made and the challenges faced.

*Sustainability Plan*: Develop strategies to ensure the long-term sustainability of the project's benefits. This may involve creating local institutions, securing ongoing funding, or establishing maintenance programs.

*Celebrate Success*: Acknowledge and celebrate the achievements of the community, reinforcing the positive outcomes and encouraging future initiatives.

### Conclusion

Community development is a powerful tool for creating positive change. By following a structured procedure and focusing on the unique needs and strengths of each community, development experts can facilitate sustainable improvements in quality of life, economic growth, and social cohesion. The advantages of community development extend beyond immediate benefits, fostering a resilient and empowered community capable of facing future challenges.

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Community development grants

Sustainable community planning

Community engagement strategies

Local economic development

Community project funding

Neighborhood revitalization

Urban development programs

Community health initiatives

Nonprofit community development

Rural development strategies

Grassroots community projects

Community capacity building

Participatory community development

Community-led initiatives

Social capital development

Community resilience programs

Local resource mobilization

Community empowerment techniques

Holistic community planning

Community development metrics 

Digital community engagement

COVID-19 community recovery

Sustainable urban planning 2024

Community-driven innovation

Smart city community development

Climate resilient communities

Inclusive community development

Green infrastructure projects

Community-based renewable energy

Affordable housing initiatives 

Community involvement

Social development projects

Economic empowerment

Community participation

Neighborhood improvement

Local development plans

Community support systems

Urban renewal efforts

Public engagement methods

Community leadership 

Community development benefits

Community development processes

How to start community projects

Community project management

Steps in community development

Community development case studies

Benefits of community engagement

Community planning examples

Successful community initiatives

Community development impact 

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS 

## Frequently Asked Questions: Community Development - Advantages and Procedure

### 1. What is community development?

*Answer*: Community development is a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems. It involves various activities aimed at improving the well-being of individuals and groups within a community, focusing on social, economic, and environmental development.

### 2. What are the main advantages of community development?

*Answer*: The main advantages of community development include:

- Empowerment of individuals and groups

- Improved quality of life

- Enhanced social cohesion

- Economic growth and job creation

- Promotion of sustainable development

### 3. How do you start a community development project?

*Answer*: Starting a community development project involves several key steps:

1. Assessing community needs and resources

2. Setting clear and achievable objectives

3. Developing a detailed action plan

4. Engaging stakeholders and raising awareness

5. Implementing the plan

6. Monitoring progress and making adjustments

7. Evaluating outcomes and ensuring sustainability

### 4. Who should be involved in community development?

*Answer*: Community development should involve a broad range of stakeholders, including community members, local authorities, non-profit organizations, businesses, and other relevant groups. Inclusive participation ensures that the needs and perspectives of all community segments are considered.

### 5. What role do local governments play in community development?

*Answer*: Local governments play a crucial role in community development by providing support, resources, and guidance. They can facilitate planning processes, offer funding opportunities, and create policies that promote sustainable development and community engagement.

### 6. How can community development projects be funded?

*Answer*: Community development projects can be funded through various sources, including:

- Government grants and subsidies

- Non-profit and charitable organizations

- Private sector partnerships

- Crowdfunding and community fundraising

- International aid and development programs

### 7. What are some common challenges in community development?

*Answer*: Common challenges in community development include:

- Limited financial resources

- Lack of community engagement and participation

- Conflicts among stakeholders

- Insufficient infrastructure and technology

- Sustainable project maintenance and follow-up

### 8. How is the success of community development projects measured?

*Answer*: The success of community development projects is measured through various indicators, such as:

- Improvement in quality of life

- Increased community participation

- Economic growth and job creation

- Enhanced social cohesion

- Achievement of project objectives and goals

- Long-term sustainability and impact

### 9. What is the importance of sustainability in community development?

*Answer*: Sustainability in community development is crucial as it ensures that the benefits of the project continue over the long term. Sustainable development focuses on utilizing resources efficiently, minimizing environmental impact, and fostering economic and social resilience to ensure ongoing community well-being.

### 10. How can communities ensure the long-term success of development projects?

*Answer*: To ensure the long-term success of development projects, communities can:

- Develop sustainability plans

- Secure ongoing funding and resources

- Establish local institutions and leadership

- Engage in continuous monitoring and evaluation

- Foster community ownership and participation

- Adapt to changing needs and circumstances

These FAQs and their answers provide a comprehensive understanding of community development, its benefits, procedures, and the various factors involved in ensuring successful and sustainable outcomes.

Okonkwo 's Crime

Okonkwo committed the crime of killing a clansman, which is considered a grave offense against the earth goddess 

Here are some details about the crime:

- *Killing of Ezeudu's son*: Okonkwo's gun exploded during Ezeudu's funeral ceremony, killing Ezeudu's sixteen-year-old son.

- *Accidental but punishable*: Although the killing was accidental, Okonkwo was still held accountable and punished for his actions.

- *Exile as punishment*: Okonkwo was sentenced to seven years of exile in his mother's village, Mbanta, as a punishment for his crime.

- *Destruction of property*: As part of the punishment, Okonkwo's compound was destroyed, and his animals were slaughtered to cleanse the land of his sin.

Main theme of Biographia Literaria

The main themes of Biographia Literaria include 

## *Table of Contents*

### *Chapter 1: Introduction to *Biographia Literaria**

* Meaning and Scope of the Title

* Publication Background and Historical Context

* Place of Biographia Literaria in English Literary Criticism

### *Chapter 2: Samuel Taylor Coleridge – Life, Thought, and Intellectual Influences*

* Coleridge’s Early Life and Education

* German Philosophy and Idealism

* Influence of Kant, Schelling, and Neo-Platonism

### *Chapter 3: Nature and Structure of *Biographia Literaria**

* Autobiographical Elements

* Philosophical Discourse

* Critical and Theoretical Framework

### *Chapter 4: Central Theme – Theory of Imagination*

* Primary Imagination: Definition and Function

* Secondary Imagination: Creative Power

* Imagination vs. Fancy

### *Chapter 5: Philosophical Foundations of Coleridge’s Thought*

* Idealism and Organicism

* Subject–Object Relationship

* Unity of Mind and Nature

### *Chapter 6: Concept of Poetry and Poetic Faith*

* Nature of Poetry

* Poetic Faith and Suspension of Disbelief

* Role of the Poet

### *Chapter 7: Language, Style, and Symbolism*

* Nature of Poetic Language

* Symbol vs. Allegory

* Living Symbols and Organic Form

### *Chapter 8: Organic Unity and Aesthetic Theory*

* Mechanical vs. Organic Form

* Unity of Parts and Whole

* Art as a Living Organism

### *Chapter 9: Coleridge’s Literary Criticism*

* Critique of Neoclassical Tradition

* Views on Shakespeare

* Evaluation of Wordsworth’s Poetry

### *Chapter 10: Romanticism and *Biographia Literaria**

* Romantic Theory of Poetry

* Emotion, Imagination, and Creativity

* Contrast with Classical Criticism

### *Chapter 11: Autobiographical and Psychological Elements*

* Coleridge’s Intellectual Journey

* Confessional Aspects

* Struggle Between Faith and Reason

### *Chapter 12: Style, Method, and Digressions*

* Conversational and Philosophical Style

* Use of Digression

* Unity within Apparent Disorder

### *Chapter 13: Critical Evaluation of *Biographia Literaria**

* Strengths and Original Contributions

* Limitations and Criticisms

* Accusations of Obscurity and Plagiarism

### *Chapter 14: Influence and Legacy of *Biographia Literaria**

* Impact on Modern Literary Criticism

* Influence on Romantic and Post-Romantic Thought

* Relevance in Contemporary Literary Studies

### *Chapter 15: Conclusion – The Enduring Significance of the Main Theme*

* Summary of Core Ideas

* Imagination as the Unifying Principle

* Final Assessment of Coleridge’s Critical Vision

### *Appendices*

* Key Quotations from Biographia Literaria

* Glossary of Critical Terms

* Examination-Oriented Short Notes

* Suggested Readings 

Orientalism

The main concerns in Edward Said's "Orientalism" include ¹:

- *Knowledge and Power*: Said's primary concern is the relationship between knowledge and power, demonstrating how European representations of the "Orient" have been used to dominate and control the region.

- *Cultural Dominance*: He argues that Orientalism is a product of European cultural dominance, which has been used to justify colonialism and imperialism.

- *Representation and Stereotypes*: Said critiques how the Orient has been represented and stereotyped in European literature and art, perpetuating inaccurate and dehumanizing portrayals of Eastern cultures.

- *Imperialism and Colonialism*: He examines the historical context of Orientalism, including the rise of imperialism and colonialism, and how these forces have shaped European attitudes towards the Orient.

- *Binary Oppositions*: Said highlights the binary oppositions created between the East and West, such as civilized versus uncivilized, rational versus emotional, and progressive versus backward.

- *Challenging Dominant Narratives*: Ultimately, Said's work aims to challenge dominant narratives and promote a more nuanced understanding of Eastern cultures and their experiences.

Feminist Criticism in the Wilderness: A Comprehensive Guide to Feminist Literary Analysis

## *Table of Contents*

### *Foreword*

* Feminist Criticism: From Silence to Scholarly Authority

### *Preface*

* Why Feminist Literary Analysis Still Matters

## *Part I: Entering the Wilderness of Feminist Criticism*

### *Chapter 1: Understanding Feminist Criticism*

* Definition, Scope, and Objectives

* Feminist Criticism as a Literary and Cultural Movement

* Feminism and Literary Theory: An Overview

### *Chapter 2: Historical Roots of Feminist Thought*

* Early Women Writers and Intellectual Resistance

* Enlightenment Feminism and Literary Expression

* Feminism in the Nineteenth Century

### *Chapter 3: Waves of Feminism and Literary Discourse*

* First-Wave Feminism and Literary Reform

* Second-Wave Feminism: Theoretical Expansion

* Third-Wave Feminism and Diversity of Voices

* Fourth-Wave Feminism and Digital Feminist Criticism

## *Part II: Theoretical Foundations of Feminist Literary Analysis*

### *Chapter 4: Key Feminist Thinkers and Critics*

* Simone de Beauvoir and Gender Construction

* Virginia Woolf and Women’s Literary Space

* Elaine Showalter and Gynocriticism

* Kate Millett and Sexual Politics

### *Chapter 5: Gynocriticism and Women’s Writing*

* Female Literary Tradition

* Women-Centered Textual Analysis

* Language, Experience, and Female Identity

### *Chapter 6: Gender, Power, and Patriarchy in Literature*

* Patriarchal Structures in Canonical Texts

* Power Relations and Narrative Authority

* Resistance and Subversion in Women’s Writing

## *Part III: Feminist Approaches and Methodologies*

### *Chapter 7: Feminist Readings of Literary Genres*

* Poetry from a Feminist Perspective

* Feminist Criticism of Drama

* Fiction and the Female Protagonist

### *Chapter 8: Language, Discourse, and Representation*

* Gendered Language in Literature

* Silence, Voice, and Narrative Control

* Feminist Stylistics

### *Chapter 9: Intersectionality in Feminist Criticism*

* Gender, Race, Class, and Sexuality

* Postcolonial Feminist Perspectives

* Dalit and Indigenous Feminist Literary Voices

## *Part IV: Expanding the Wilderness*

### *Chapter 10: Feminist Criticism and Other Literary Theories*

* Feminism and Marxism

* Feminism and Psychoanalytic Criticism

* Feminism and Structuralism/Poststructuralism

### *Chapter 11: Ecofeminism and the Literary Imagination*

* Women, Nature, and Literature

* Environmental Ethics and Feminist Thought

* Ecofeminist Readings of Texts

### *Chapter 12: Queer Theory and Feminist Literary Analysis*

* Gender Performativity

* Feminism and LGBTQ+ Narratives

* Rewriting Sexual Identities

## *Part V: Feminist Criticism in Practice*

### *Chapter 13: Feminist Analysis of Canonical Texts*

* Re-reading Shakespeare through Feminist Lenses

* Feminist Perspectives on Romantic and Victorian Literature

* Modernist Women Writers

### *Chapter 14: Feminist Criticism of Contemporary Literature*

* Feminist Themes in Postmodern Fiction

* Global Feminist Narratives

* Women Writers in the 21st Century

### *Chapter 15: Feminist Criticism in Indian English Literature*

* Women’s Voices in Indian Writing

* Feminist Readings of Indian English Novels

* Regional Literatures and Feminist Consciousness

## *Part VI: Feminist Criticism in Academia and Society*

### *Chapter 16: Feminist Criticism and Pedagogy*

* Teaching Literature through Feminist Frameworks

* Feminist Curriculum Design

* Classroom Strategies

### *Chapter 17: Feminist Criticism in Popular Culture*

* Film, Media, and Feminist Narratives

* Feminist Readings of Digital Texts

* Social Media and Literary Feminism

### *Chapter 18: Critiques and Limitations of Feminist Criticism*

* Internal Debates within Feminism

* Western Feminism and Global South Perspectives

* Future Challenges

## *Part VII: Beyond the Wilderness*

### *Chapter 19: Feminist Criticism in the Digital Age*

* AI, Technology, and Feminist Theory

* Digital Humanities and Feminist Scholarship

### *Chapter 20: The Future of Feminist Literary Criticism*

* Emerging Trends and Global Directions

* Feminist Criticism as Transformative Practice

### *Appendices*

* Glossary of Feminist Literary Terms

* Suggested Readings and Critical Texts

* Model Feminist Textual Analyses

### *Bibliography*

### **Question Bank

Elaine Showalter's "Feminist Criticism in the Wilderness" identifies four models of feminist criticism 

- *Biological*: This model emphasizes the importance of women's bodies and physical experiences in shaping their writing.

- *Linguistic*: This model explores the relationship between language and gender, examining how women use language differently and how language can be used to challenge patriarchal norms.

- *Psychoanalytic*: This model applies psychoanalytic theory to understand how women's writing reflects their experiences of gender and sexuality.

- *Cultural*: This model considers the social and cultural contexts in which women write, including the impact of factors like race, class, and sexuality on their work.

These models offer different approaches to understanding women's writing and challenging patriarchal norms in literature.

T.S. Eliot – The Chief Tool of a Critic

## *T.S. Eliot – The Chief Tool of a Critic*

Table of Content 

*1. Introduction to T.S. Eliot as a Literary Critic*

1.1 The Making of a Critical Mind

1.2 Eliot’s Place in Modern Literary Criticism

*2. T.S. Eliot: Life, Thought, and Intellectual Background*

2.1 Early Life and Education

2.2 Philosophical and Cultural Influences

2.3 The Evolution of His Critical Voice

*3. Understanding “The Chief Tool of a Critic”*

3.1 Meaning and Scope of the Concept

3.2 Critical Objectivity and Discipline

3.3 The Role of Tradition and Individual Talent

*4. Eliot’s Theory of Impersonality*

4.1 Poetry as an Escape from Personality

4.2 The Function of Emotion in Art

4.3 Art versus Self-Expression

*5. Tradition and the Historical Sense*

5.1 Concept of Tradition in Literature

5.2 The Living Past and the Present

5.3 The Dynamic Nature of Literary Canon

*6. Eliot’s Concept of the Objective Correlative*

6.1 Definition and Origin

6.2 Application in Poetry and Drama

6.3 Critical Limitations and Debates

*7. Eliot’s Views on Poetry and Drama*

7.1 The Function of Poetry

7.2 Eliot’s Dramatic Theory

7.3 Language, Rhythm, and Structure

*8. Eliot as a Practical Critic*

8.1 Critical Essays and Reviews

8.2 Methods of Textual Analysis

8.3 Standards of Judgment

*9. Eliot’s Influence on Modern Criticism*

9.1 Impact on New Criticism

9.2 Influence on Structuralism and Beyond

9.3 Eliot and Contemporary Critical Schools

*10. Eliot’s Critical Works: A Detailed Study*

10.1 “Tradition and the Individual Talent”

10.2 “Hamlet and His Problems”

10.3 “The Function of Criticism”

*11. Tools of a Critic According to Eliot*

11.1 Historical Sense

11.2 Analytical Objectivity

11.3 Moral and Aesthetic Judgment

11.4 Linguistic Precision

*12. Comparison with Other Literary Critics*

12.1 Eliot and Matthew Arnold

12.2 Eliot and I.A. Richards

12.3 Eliot and F.R. Leavis

*13. Criticism of Eliot’s Critical Theories*

13.1 Charges of Elitism

13.2 Debates on Tradition and Canon

13.3 Modern Re-evaluations

*14. Eliot’s Legacy in Literary Criticism*

14.1 Enduring Relevance

14.2 Eliot in Academic Curricula

14.3 The Future of Eliot’s Critical Thought

*15. Conclusion: T.S. Eliot and the Art of Criticism*

*16. Glossary of Key Critical Terms*

*17. Notes*

*18. Bibliography*

**19. Question Bank

According to T.S. Eliot, the chief tools of a critic are ¹:

- *Comparison*: Eliot argues that comparison is a vital tool for critics as it allows them to analyze and evaluate literary works.

- *Analysis*: Eliot believes that analysis is essential for critics to understand and interpret literary texts.

- *Facts*: Eliot emphasizes the importance of facts in critical writing, suggesting that critics should focus on the text itself rather than their personal opinions or emotions.

- *Objectivity*: Eliot advocates for objectivity in critical writing, encouraging critics to approach texts with detachment and impartiality.

- *Respect for tradition*: Eliot believes that critics should respect literary traditions and the cultural context in which texts were written.

- *Technical expertise*: Eliot suggests that critics should have a deep understanding of literary techniques and forms to appreciate the craftsmanship of literary works. 

Korku Gadli Susun

Korku Gadli Susun"

 Here in the tribal Korku community, women and men dance collectively, especially during marriages and Teej festivals. On happy occasions and whatever cultural programs take place in the village, in such situations, people dance in the village. 

 Women and men dance here wearing special attractive costumes. This Gadli dance is often performed together in a circle. This Gadli dance has been practiced in every village for centuries and is often performed with great pomp in the rural areas. In any big cultural program of the village, all the artists of Gadli Sa Susun display their art. 

Men's costumes: - 

As costumes, they especially wear white dhoti, gamchha, coat while 

Women's costumes: - Lugda is worn as a costume. 

In this Korku Gadli Susun, men have dholak, flute and charvasa to play musical instruments. 

While women have thapki, ghunghrus, jhankars. 

As ornaments. In :-

Apart from this, women wear Bakadiya in the arms of both the hands, necklace around the neck and waist belt in the form of other makeup accessories.   

Suresh Bhusumkar

 District Betul MP

Korku Gadli Susun"

 Here in the tribal Korku community, especially in the Gadli dance, men and women dance collectively during marriages and Teej festivals. On happy occasions and whatever happens in the village. In such situations, women and men dance in special attractive costumes. This Korku Gadli dance is often performed in a circle. This Gadli Susun has been prevalent in every village for centuries. And even today, often in rural areas, all the Gadli Susun artists display their art with great pomp and show. 

Male costumes:-

Especially white dhoti, Gamchha. , wear coat while 

women wear lugada as costume. 

In this Korku Gadli Susun, men have dholak, flute and charvasa to play musical instruments. 

whereas women have thapki, There are bells and chimes.

In the form of jewellery:-

Apart from this, women wear Bakadiya in the arms of both the hands, a necklace around the neck and a waist belt in the form of other adornment items.   

Suresh Bhusumkar

 District Betul MP

The Evolution and Impact of Trade and Commerce: A Comprehensive Guide

*Title: The Evolution and Impact of Trade and Commerce: A Comprehensive Guide*

https://tradecommercewithlalitmohanshukla.quora.com

*Introduction*

Trade and commerce have been the backbone of human civilization since ancient times. From bartering goods in ancient marketplaces to the sophisticated global trade networks of today, the evolution of trade and commerce reflects the progress of human society. In this blog, we explore the history, significance, and future trends of trade and commerce, offering insights into how they shape our world.

*The Historical Journey of Trade and Commerce*

*Ancient Trade Routes*

Trade routes like the Silk Road and the Spice Route played a pivotal role in connecting distant civilizations. These routes facilitated the exchange of goods, culture, and knowledge, laying the groundwork for modern commerce.

*Medieval Trade*

During the medieval period, trade fairs and merchant guilds emerged, fostering regional and international trade. Cities like Venice and Constantinople became bustling trade hubs, driving economic growth and cultural exchange.

*The Age of Exploration*

The 15th to 17th centuries marked the Age of Exploration, where European explorers established new trade routes to Asia, Africa, and the Americas. This era saw the rise of colonialism and the establishment of global trade networks.

*The Industrial Revolution*

The Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries revolutionized trade and commerce. Advances in manufacturing, transportation, and communication enabled mass production and global distribution of goods.

*Modern Trade and Commerce*

*Globalization*

The 20th and 21st centuries have seen unprecedented levels of globalization. Free trade agreements, international organizations like the WTO, and advancements in technology have made it easier to trade across borders, boosting economic growth and interdependence.

*E-Commerce*

The advent of the internet has transformed commerce. E-commerce platforms like Amazon, Alibaba, and eBay have revolutionized how consumers shop, offering convenience, variety, and competitive pricing. Small businesses now have access to a global market, leveling the playing field.

*Sustainability in Trade*

Sustainable trade practices are gaining traction as consumers and businesses become more environmentally conscious. Fair trade, ethical sourcing, and eco-friendly products are reshaping trade policies and consumer behavior.

*The Impact of Trade and Commerce on Society*

*Economic Growth*

Trade and commerce drive economic growth by creating jobs, fostering innovation, and increasing productivity. They enable countries to specialize in producing goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage, leading to efficient resource allocation.

*Cultural Exchange*

Trade facilitates cultural exchange by exposing people to new ideas, traditions, and products. This exchange enriches societies and promotes mutual understanding and respect.

*Technological Advancements*

Commerce drives technological advancements as businesses seek to improve efficiency and meet consumer demands. Innovations in logistics, payment systems, and data analytics are direct results of commercial activities.

*Challenges and Future Trends*

*Trade Wars and Protectionism*

Trade wars and protectionist policies can disrupt global trade, leading to economic instability. Balancing national interests with global cooperation is a continuing challenge for policymakers.

*Digital Transformation*

The digital transformation of trade and commerce will continue to evolve, with technologies like blockchain, AI, and IoT playing crucial roles in enhancing transparency, security, and efficiency in trade operations.

*Sustainable Trade Practices*

The future of trade and commerce will increasingly focus on sustainability. Businesses and governments must collaborate to create policies that promote environmental responsibility and social equity.

*Conclusion*

Trade and commerce have come a long way from ancient barter systems to today's complex global networks. They are essential for economic prosperity, cultural exchange, and technological progress. As we look to the future, embracing sustainability and digital transformation will be key to ensuring that trade and commerce continue to benefit societies worldwide. Stay tuned to our blog for more insights and updates on the dynamic world of trade and commerce. 

 KEEP VISITING THE BLOG FOR UPDATE ON FOLLOWING 

Global trade policies

International commerce trends

Economic impact of trade

Trade route history

Trade globalization effects

E-commerce growth

Sustainable trade practices

Fair trade benefits

Industrial revolution commerce

Digital trade technologies 

Ancient trade networks

Medieval merchant guilds

Age of exploration trade routes

Comparative advantage trade

Trade wars impact

Global trade hubs

Economic interdependence trade

Digital transformation in trade

Blockchain in commerce

Environmental impact of trade 

E-commerce platforms growth

Globalization and trade

Trade sustainability

Fair trade movement

Trade protectionism trends

AI in commerce

Ethical sourcing in trade

Future of global trade

Trade policy changes

Trade technology advancements 

Economic growth through trade

Cultural exchange via commerce

Global trade networks evolution

Trade policy history

Technological advancements in trade

Comparative advantage economics

International trade challenges

Trade route significance

E-commerce impact on retail

Sustainable commerce practices 

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS 

Here are some frequently asked questions (FAQs) along with their answers for the blog "The Evolution and Impact of Trade and Commerce: A Comprehensive Guide":

*1. What is the historical significance of trade routes like the Silk Road?*

*Answer:* The Silk Road and similar ancient trade routes were crucial for connecting distant civilizations, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and culture. These routes helped establish early economic interdependence and cultural exchange between Europe, Asia, and Africa, contributing significantly to the development of global trade networks.

*2. How did the Industrial Revolution impact trade and commerce?*

*Answer:* The Industrial Revolution brought about major advancements in manufacturing, transportation, and communication, which revolutionized trade and commerce. It enabled mass production, reduced costs, and improved the speed and efficiency of transporting goods, leading to the growth of global trade and the rise of modern economies.

*3. What role does e-commerce play in today's trade and commerce?*

*Answer:* E-commerce has transformed the way we conduct trade and commerce by providing a platform for businesses and consumers to buy and sell goods and services online. It offers convenience, a wider variety of products, competitive pricing, and access to global markets, making it a significant driver of economic growth in the digital age.

*4. Why is sustainability important in modern trade practices?*

*Answer:* Sustainability in trade practices is essential to ensure that economic activities do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment. Sustainable trade promotes fair labor practices, ethical sourcing, and eco-friendly production methods, helping to protect the planet and ensure long-term economic stability and social equity.

*5. How does globalization affect trade and commerce?*

*Answer:* Globalization has expanded the reach of trade and commerce, allowing goods, services, and capital to flow more freely across borders. It has led to increased economic interdependence, greater market access, and the spread of technology and innovation. However, it also presents challenges such as trade imbalances, cultural homogenization, and economic inequality.

*6. What challenges do trade wars and protectionism pose to global trade?*

*Answer:* Trade wars and protectionist policies can disrupt global trade by imposing tariffs, quotas, and other barriers that limit the flow of goods and services. These measures can lead to increased costs, reduced market access, and economic instability, affecting businesses and consumers worldwide.

*7. What are the benefits of fair trade practices?*

*Answer:* Fair trade practices ensure that producers in developing countries receive fair compensation for their goods, promoting social and economic development. Fair trade also encourages sustainable farming, ethical labor practices, and environmentally friendly production methods, contributing to a more equitable and sustainable global trade system.

*8. How is digital transformation shaping the future of trade and commerce?*

*Answer:* Digital transformation is reshaping trade and commerce by integrating advanced technologies like blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT). These technologies enhance transparency, security, and efficiency in trade operations, streamline supply chains, and provide valuable data insights for businesses to make informed decisions.

*9. What is the concept of comparative advantage in trade?*

*Answer:* Comparative advantage is an economic principle that states that countries should specialize in producing goods and services in which they have a lower opportunity cost compared to other countries. By doing so, they can trade with others to obtain goods and services more efficiently, leading to mutual benefits and increased overall economic welfare.

*10. How do trade policies impact international commerce?*

*Answer:* Trade policies, such as tariffs, trade agreements, and regulations, significantly impact international commerce by determining the terms under which countries trade with each other. These policies can either facilitate trade by reducing barriers and promoting cooperation or hinder it by imposing restrictions and creating conflicts. Effective trade policies are crucial for fostering a stable and prosperous global trade environment.

Evaluation study of Vanya Community Radio Center(Chada) District _Dindori (Madhya Pradesh)

प्रतिवेदन क्रमांक 634

[1] Financial Year : 2017-18 

[2] Name of the Activities : Evaluation study of Vanya Community Radio Center in Tribal Areas 

[3]Title of the Project : Evaluation study of Vanya Community Radio Center(Chada) District _Dindori (Madhya Pradesh) 

[4] Introduction :- Radio is an important medium for transmitting news and other audio information due to its expansion and ability to transmit messages very quickly. After the success of FM radio in India, the government has given license to various educational institutions such as All India Institute of Technology, All India Medical Institute, centers related to agricultural development, agriculture related schools and other schools and NGOs and has given permission to start broadcasting services called community radio. Community radio means broadcasting radio programs to communities settled on small land areas in remote forests / villages according to the needs of a particular community. 

Tribal Affairs Department of Madhya Pradesh Government is determined to preserve and promote art, culture, traditions, faiths, beliefs, dialects etc. of tribes so that tribal people can make their identity in the development oriented society and information about schemes and activities run by government and department level can be easily conveyed to tribal communities living in remote forests at the far ends of the state.

(6) Location 

This study on the impact of Vanya Community Radio Centre on the tribal life and its utility is related to the Baiga tribal dominated forest village Chada and the villages and areas within the range of 15 to 20 km from Chada under Bajag development block of Dindori district of Madhya Pradesh. This area is known for traditional medicines.

Dindori district is located at 22.17_23.22 latitude north and 80.35_ 80.58 longitude east. The total area of ​​this district is 6.128 square kilometers, out of which 252.68 square kilometers of land is forest area. The northern border of the district is surrounded by Umaria, north western border by Jabalpur, south western border by Mandla, north eastern border by Shahdol and south eastern border by Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh state. This district is located at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level.  Some of the major villages studied in this range are Chada, Shitilpani, Khamhera, Baigan Tola, Ghurkuta, Vikrampur, Tadpathra, Chakrar, Kadhwani, Dadrtola, Bhanpur, Bhursi, Amandongmi Kherajhar etc.

(7) Documentation:

The documentation work was done by report number 634. The field work of contacting the citizens under the study area, the report and the interview were done by Mr. M.D. Kaneria, research assistant. The direction was done by Mr. Premchand Meena IAS director. Mr. Nitiraj Singh, joint director and Mrs. Madhu Gupta, research officer, guided. 

(8) Expected summary:

The programmes broadcast by Vanya Radio station in the tribal community's own dialect are having a positive impact on tribal life. The programmes broadcast by Vanya Radio are not only informative but also entertaining. The social, economic and educational level of the tribal community is improving on the basis of information received from the radio. Such as child marriage, Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, bicycle distribution, health, herbs, advanced agriculture etc. These programmes have left an indelible mark on tribal life. The people residing in the villages within the range of 12-15 km of the radio station are getting information about government schemes such as old age pension scheme, Ladli Laxmi Yojana, and other information such as organic farming, knowledge and science, forest rights etc. from time to time while sitting at home.

(9) Objectives 

The objectives of the study are as follows

(1) Whether the programmes broadcast by Vanya Community Radio Centre, Chada are encouraging the tribal youth or not.

(2) Whether the programmes broadcast by Vanya Community Radio are creating public awareness in the tribal community or not.

(3) Whether the programmes broadcast by Vanya Community Radio Centre are being broadcast as per the expectations of the particular tribe or not.

(4) Whether the programmes broadcast by Vanya Community Radio Centre are in the public interest/useful for the tribes from the socio-economic and cultural point of view.

(5) Whether the Vanya Community Radio Centre is publicising the development and public welfare schemes for the tribes or not

(10) Methodology 

Methodology: Case study research is done over minimum 10 to maximum 13 beneficiaries from each village . interviews and observation method is also employed to collect first Hand data.

(11) Beneficiaries: Chada which is in Bajag development ol block has a total population of 85,611.Vanya Radio has a range of 15 to 20 kilometres.Out of them study is done over Sample size of 10 to 13 individuals per village 

(12) Other Details :Resarch project is undertaken by Tribal Research and Development institute Government of Madhya Pradesh 35 Shyamla hills Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 

(13) Sanctioned Date ...................Project cost....

Understanding Energy and the Rise of Renewable Energy: A Comprehensive Guide

### Understanding Energy and the Rise of Renewable Energy: A Comprehensive Guide

https://energyrenewableenergywithlalitmohanshukla.quora.com

#### Introduction

Energy is the backbone of modern civilization, powering everything from our homes to industries. As we progress, the need for sustainable and renewable energy sources has never been more critical. In this blog, we will explore the significance of energy, the types of energy, and why renewable energy is essential for a sustainable future.

#### What is Energy?

Energy is the ability to do work. It comes in various forms, such as thermal, electrical, chemical, and mechanical. The sources of energy can be broadly classified into two categories:

1. *Non-renewable Energy Sources*: These include fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. They are finite resources that take millions of years to form and are being depleted at a rapid rate.

2. *Renewable Energy Sources*: These include solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass energy. They are naturally replenished and have a minimal environmental impact.

#### The Importance of Energy

Energy is vital for several reasons:

- *Economic Growth*: It fuels industries, transportation, and commerce, driving economic development.

- *Quality of Life*: Provides power for homes, schools, hospitals, and other essential services.

- *Technological Advancements*: Enables innovations and the development of new technologies.

#### The Shift Towards Renewable Energy

The shift towards renewable energy is driven by the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, combat climate change, and ensure energy security. Here are some key reasons why renewable energy is essential:

1. *Environmental Benefits*: Renewable energy sources produce little to no greenhouse gases, reducing pollution and mitigating climate change.

2. *Sustainability*: Unlike fossil fuels, renewable energy sources are inexhaustible and can provide energy for generations to come.

3. *Energy Independence*: Countries can reduce their dependence on imported fuels, enhancing energy security.

4. *Economic Benefits*: The renewable energy sector creates jobs, stimulates economic growth, and promotes technological innovation.

#### Types of Renewable Energy

1. *Solar Energy*: Harnesses energy from the sun using solar panels. It is abundant and can be used for electricity generation and heating.

2. *Wind Energy*: Utilizes wind turbines to convert wind into electricity. It is one of the fastest-growing energy sources worldwide.

3. *Hydropower*: Generates electricity from flowing water. It is a reliable and flexible source of energy.

4. *Geothermal Energy*: Exploits heat from the Earth’s core to generate electricity and provide heating.

5. *Biomass Energy*: Converts organic materials into energy. It can be used for electricity generation, heating, and as a fuel for transportation.

#### Challenges and Future of Renewable Energy

While renewable energy offers numerous benefits, it also faces challenges:

- *Intermittency*: Solar and wind energy are not always available. Energy storage solutions and grid management are essential to address this issue.

- *Initial Costs*: The upfront cost of renewable energy technologies can be high, although they have lower operating costs in the long run.

- *Infrastructure*: Developing the necessary infrastructure for renewable energy can be challenging, especially in remote areas.

#### Conclusion

The transition to renewable energy is not just a trend but a necessity for a sustainable future. By embracing renewable energy sources, we can reduce our environmental impact, enhance energy security, and drive economic growth. As technology advances, the barriers to renewable energy adoption will continue to diminish, making it the cornerstone of a sustainable and resilient energy system. 

"Investing in solar energy solutions not only reduces your carbon footprint but can also take advantage of solar energy tax credits 2024, making it a cost-effective option. With advancements in wind energy and the increasing popularity of off-grid solar systems, the future of energy production looks promising. Understanding the environmental impact of fossil fuels and the benefits of renewable energy is crucial for a sustainable future.

KEEP VISITING THE BLOG FOR UPDATE ON FOLLOWING 

Solar energy solutions

Wind power investment

Geothermal heating cost

Renewable energy incentives

Green energy stocks

Energy storage systems

Solar panel financing

Wind turbine maintenance

Biomass energy benefits

Hydropower installation 

Off-grid solar systems

Small wind turbine kits

Geothermal heat pump installation

DIY solar panel installation

Renewable energy grants

Home energy audits

Sustainable energy projects

Micro-hydro power

Community solar programs

Renewable energy careers 

Solar energy tax credits 2024

Wind energy advancements

Renewable energy trends 2024

Energy transition strategies

Carbon-neutral technologies

Renewable energy startups

Clean energy initiatives

Electric grid modernization

Renewable energy policy updates

Green hydrogen production 

Sustainable energy sources

Environmental impact of fossil fuels

Renewable energy benefits

Future of energy production

Climate change mitigation

Alternative energy solutions

Solar power efficiency

Wind energy potential

Renewable energy technologies

Energy efficiency improvements 

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS 

### Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) on Understanding Energy and the Rise of Renewable Energy: A Comprehensive Guide

#### 1. What is renewable energy?

*Answer:* Renewable energy comes from sources that are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Unlike fossil fuels, renewable energy sources do not deplete over time and have a minimal environmental impact.

#### 2. Why is renewable energy important?

*Answer:* Renewable energy is crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combating climate change, ensuring energy security, and promoting sustainable economic growth. It also helps in reducing dependence on finite fossil fuel resources and minimizing environmental pollution.

#### 3. What are the main types of renewable energy?

*Answer:* The main types of renewable energy include solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, geothermal energy, and biomass energy. Each of these sources harnesses natural processes to generate electricity or heat.

#### 4. How does solar energy work?

*Answer:* Solar energy works by converting sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) panels or solar thermal systems. PV panels convert sunlight directly into electricity, while solar thermal systems use sunlight to heat a fluid, which then generates steam to power a turbine.

#### 5. What are the benefits of wind energy?

*Answer:* Wind energy is a clean and renewable source of power that produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation. It is abundant, cost-effective, and can be harnessed in many parts of the world. Wind energy also helps reduce dependence on fossil fuels and supports local economies through job creation.

#### 6. Can renewable energy sources provide reliable power?

*Answer:* Yes, renewable energy sources can provide reliable power when combined with energy storage systems and smart grid technologies. Advances in battery storage, grid management, and diversified energy portfolios help ensure a stable and continuous energy supply.

#### 7. What are the economic benefits of renewable energy?

*Answer:* Renewable energy creates jobs, stimulates economic growth, and reduces energy costs in the long run. It also attracts investment in new technologies and infrastructure, leading to further innovation and development in the energy sector.

#### 8. How do government policies support renewable energy?

*Answer:* Governments support renewable energy through incentives such as tax credits, grants, subsidies, and renewable energy mandates. These policies encourage investment in renewable energy projects, making them more competitive with traditional fossil fuels.

#### 9. What are the challenges of transitioning to renewable energy?

*Answer:* The challenges include high initial costs, intermittency of some renewable sources (like solar and wind), and the need for updated infrastructure. Additionally, there may be resistance from established fossil fuel industries and logistical challenges in integrating new technologies into existing energy systems.

#### 10. How can individuals contribute to the transition to renewable energy?

*Answer:* Individuals can contribute by using energy-efficient appliances, installing solar panels, supporting renewable energy policies, and reducing overall energy consumption. Additionally, choosing to purchase green energy from utilities and advocating for local renewable energy projects can make a significant impact.

#### 11. What is the future outlook for renewable energy?

*Answer:* The future outlook for renewable energy is very positive. As technology continues to improve and costs decrease, renewable energy is expected to play a dominant role in global energy systems. With increasing awareness and supportive policies, the transition to a sustainable energy future is becoming more achievable.

For more information or specific inquiries about renewable energy, feel free to leave your questions in the comments below. We’re here to help guide you on your journey towards a more sustainable energy future!

Sarpata Dance

Song : Saare lahre mata galiyon te saare maata

Dance- Sarapata Dance

Song- Sare Lahare Mata Galio Te Sare Lahare Mata.

Meaning:- This dance is performed by women on the auspicious occasion of Holi. They ask for Phagwa from men with a peacock feather broom (which is called Saar) in their hands and say that they want Holi's 'Phagwa', no matter where you bring it from, we want today's Phagwa. You may mortgage your real sister or house but give us our 'Phagwa'. Men are jokingly hit with a peacock feather broom, due to which men give them some 'Phagwa' as 'Neg' according to their capacity.

The Gond tribe is an ancient tribe. It mostly lives in the forest areas of the state amidst inconveniences. Their festivals and marriage ceremonies are performed according to the customs made by their ancestors. Modernity has not had any effect on these customs.  The marriage ceremony is conducted by the elders of the community. This tribe is very simple, straightforward and hardworking. Their main food is Kodo-Kutki, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Mahua etc.

The Mahua wine made by their own hands is consumed on auspicious occasions and in all their worships (pujas), wine is worshipped i.e. wine is offered.

Gayaki Dance Team

Village Asadi Block Chicholi Tribal Development Betul (MP)

Team Leader:- Koasing Uike

Coordinator:- Madan Mohan Shukla

Village:- Asadi Chicholi Betul

Tel:- 9425636773

This dance is called Gayaki dance. Thatiyan is a sub-caste of Gond tribe settled in the remote area of ​​Betul district. People of Thatiyan caste graze the cattle of the village. The houses of the village whose cattle they graze, one roti and one paav pej (made of soji) is given as remuneration from each house in the morning and evening. Their family is sustained by that.

At the beginning of rainy season when the first rain of monsoon occurs in which green grass grows in the forests. Which is called Lilpi in their local dialect. When Lilpi grows, this community becomes happy that now our cattle will be able to eat. Then this community performs a puja which is called Lilpi Puja. After the puja, the tune of flute starts and this community starts dancing under the spell. This dance continues till Diwali. After some time of Diwali, after the puja, this dance is stopped again till the rainy season begins. This dance is absolutely pure and traditional. Modernity has not been able to affect this dance.

Convener

Madan Mohan Shukla

Gaaiki Nritya Dal

Village Asadi Block Chicholi

District Betul (MP) 

(1) Thathiya Dance of Gond Tribe (2) Sapata Dance

Many tribal areas of Madhya Pradesh are full of folk songs. Madhya Pradesh is the home of both rural and primitive tribes cultures. While songs and dances are mere means of entertainment for us, for primitive tribes they are the soul of their culture. They become an essential part of their daily life. Primitive children grow up in the environment of these folk songs and folk arts. The final rites of folk songs and folk tales are clearly visible in their lives.

In 1954, the Tribal Research Institute, an undertaking of the Tribal Welfare Department of Madhya Pradesh, started working in the tribal areas of Madhya Pradesh and among the primitive cultures. Study is necessary for the social and economic development of the tribes, to keep their cultural consciousness awake so that the original and acceptable in their own folk cultures can be kept safe and its proper protection and promotion can be done. It is a matter of concern that in today's changing society, due to many external influences, not only in the villages but in the entire tribal areas, some kind of aversion towards these folk songs is developing. That is why the task of preserving the original form of folk culture in tribal areas has been taken up by the Tribal Research Institute. In Betul district, the sub-caste of Gond tribe is called Thatia. The role of the Thatia sub-caste is central to the celebration of Deepawali among the Gond tribe in the district. The main folk dance in this is called Thatia dance. The people of Thatia sub-caste graze cattle in the village. Every household in the village whose cattle they graze gives them one roti and one quarter pound (made of soji) in the morning and evening as remuneration and this is how their family is sustained.

The festival of Deepawali in the Gond tribe is completed in five stages with folk songs and folk dances. 

The first phase is Godhoni (Godhoni Tandana) Under this, men of Thatia tribe come out of their houses in groups dancing with flute and horns. Women along with them place Godhoni in a basket and keep the aarti thali with them and go to the courtyard of every house in the village and worship Godhoni while singing Godhoni songs. The shape of Godhoni is carved on the walls of every house using clay and ochre colours by women. The shape of Godhoni is made in the basket and it gives a feel of nature in which river, mountain, forest, green grass and different kinds of flowers are visible. From all this, it is clear that the Diwali of this tribe is based on nature worship and cow worship. This folk song is sung on this occasion.

Lyrics 

Baiga niva upjan vo godhani yaya 

Harankheda upajan yaheda

Bolo neeva malik yeheda 

Bada neeva singar vo godhoni 

Chival menjo lagal ko godhoni 

Rang beged lagal vo godhoni 

Neeva rachhade godhoni yaya 

Bolo re kirsan la rachhade yaya

Godhoni vaya Lata ke yaya 

Ke jabri aarti kim ke yaya 

Meaning of the song- Women are singing and asking Godhoni Mata that from where did you originate, it seems that you originated from Harankheda, you have decorated yourself so beautifully, red-yellow marigolds, flowers, peacock feathers and colors are increasing your beauty. Godhoni Mata is coming to our courtyard. Quickly prepare the aarti and perform it for Godhoni Mata.

The second step of this is to feed Khichdi (Khichdi Tildan) On the eve of Diwali, people of every household worship the cattle and feed them Khichdi. This folk song is sung by women while feeding Khichdi.

Lyrics

Lado naane  naane o tado naane 

Kasera na kaida dhaniya 

Kumbha na kaikchh kadiya o mode maay

Jamdaan kaida supeli 

Pahlo aarti dharti ta our mode maay

Dusro aarti sanda na o mode maay

Saado panchi na khichadi o mode maay

Veli le sadana pulpung o mode maay 

Lathi le sadana noska o mode maay 

Sanda Na khichoda tihar vo mode maay 

Bhaav(Summary)- Bhaav(Summary)of this song is that rice of a special type of paddy which grows in forests without being sown and dal of barbati, urad dal of vine and gathloo should be cooked in a new earthen pot made by a potter and after placing pooja material and khichdi in a brass plate made by a Kasar and a new basket and basket made by Basod, the mouth of the bullocks should be washed and after worshipping, the khichdi should be fed.

Its second phase is- Kaunra Daay Suntana (Bull Run) On the day of Deepawali, in the morning, people of every household bathe their bullocks and decorate them by applying color and begad. After this, the bullocks are made to run in the streets of the village. This folk song is sung while sitting in the Chaupal.

Lyrics

Daiyaka daiyaka indal o soniyal motiyal

Bolo nivol maalik vo soniyal motiyal

Kirsan nivale maalik vo soniyal motiyal 

Badang -badang niva singar vo soniyal motiyal

Bindara banta jhali vo soniyal motiyal 

Kunjali banta madel vo soniyal motiyal 

Betul bajada rang begad vo soniyal motiyal

Kudo to kudo maholi apan gliya

Papi dushman dekh maholi -Hoshiyaari se khelo nandiya 

Dusro galiya maholi sumati jaao to khelo maholi

Meaning and summary 

.

Meaning- Women are telling the bulls named Soni and Moti through folk song that who is your owner, what all you have adorned. It seems that you are wearing Vrindavan's aali (vessel). The peacock feather of Kajlivan is on your forehead, you are looking very beautiful. While running, do not go to other's lanes, otherwise you may get the evil eye of some enemy.

Its fourth stage is Gothana Nindaana (filling the Gothan)

After running the bulls, people of every family of the village reach the place outside the village to play Dhol-Dhaya in an open place, a group of--- also reach the place dancing and playing flute, which is called Gothan Bharana. This song is sung on this occasion.

Song

Bachhiya khilao o ahir gwale re 

Gothan khilao ahir gwale re 

Aaj se dinon o ahir gwale re

Gothan n baando ko ahir gwale re 

Godhan khundaon o ahir gwale re

Gaiya rambhaon o ahir gwale re 

Through the song, the women are telling the cowherd to catch the calf born some time ago and play with it. If you catch the calf, the cow will run to kill you and will bellow loudly. And get the cattle kept in the basket pulled by the cow's feet.

The fifth step - Muthwa Pujan

After returning from the cattle shed, the Thatia people go to the place of the village deity for Muthwa pujan, playing the flute and carrying the aarti thali in their hands. Along with them is a group of women who sing these songs.

Lyrics of song 

Jago re mutheva jago

Nivol sevak vaatol mutheva jaago re jaago 

Bara mahina se vaatol mutheva jaago re jaago 

Sindur kuku tattol mutheva jaago re jaago 

Khaja bonna tattol mutheva jaago re jaago 

Nimbu kharik Gondal shrangar tattol re mutheva jaago re jaago 

Chival menjo tattol re mutheva jaago re jaago

Bara mahina te vaatol mutheva jaago re jaago

Meaning- Through this song, women are telling the village deity that they have come to worship me. Wake up, they come only once a year and have brought along with them Sindoor, Kuku, Khaja, Bonna, Marigold flowers, Hen's Puja, Lemon as a gift for you. Please accept them and bless us.

 In this way (we will worship the village deity (Muthva), the tribal people return to their respective homes and sit with the guests and eat various types of dishes.

Madan Mohan Shukla

Village- Asaadi

Gond tribe folk dance team, village Asaadi, Block Chicholi, District-Betul, M.P.

Dance- Jhanjhpata Dance

Song- Ronji Karola hai maman desh la Karola Ronji Karola

Meaning:- In the Gond tribe, on the occasion of marriage, women perform group dance with Jhanjh (Manjira) in their hands. In this tribe, the maternal uncle's daughter is the sister-in-law. Marriage is done only with the daughter of the real maternal uncle. Through the song, the youth compares his maternal uncle's daughter i.e. his sister-in-law with the Ronji Karola fruit to his friends. Comparing Ronji Karola with a beautiful wild fruit, he says that the maternal uncle's daughter is very beautiful, but she does not even let me hold her hand.  Women perform this dance while singing songs on the beats of the drum while mocking the bride's sister-in-law. In this dance, one man plays the drum and another man plays the timki.

This drum is made by hollowing out wood and making it into a round shape like a pie and covering it with the skin of a dead goat. Similarly, timki is made into a round shape like a tabla by making it into a round shape of clay and covering it with the skin of a dead goat. Its sound is very charming and melodious. This is the main musical instrument of this tribe. In this dance, women wear their traditional attire and perform group dance wearing clothes and ornaments like lugra blouse, girdle, wakdya, khagoda, hamel etc. In this, men play musical instruments wearing dhoti-kurta, bandi (jacket) and a turban made of silk on the head.

About the Program

About the Program

Saila Dance –

The Gond tribe, who lead a well-organized life on the banks of Maa Narmada, surrounded by the Mekal Mountains in Dindori district of Madhya Pradesh, perform the Saila-Reena dance after the Dussehra festival, on the night of autumn moonlight. Saila-Shail means that Saila dance is performed with a stick of one and a quarter hands in hand and hence it is named Saila. The beats and rhythm of the Maadar instrument, the bright sound of the Timki instrument, the tinkling and jhannar-jhannar sound of the Pajna in the feet, the guddum-guddum sound of the Gudum instrument and the bright sound of the Shehnai and the sweet sound of the flute add to the beauty of the dance. Men perform the dance with a stick of one and a quarter hands in one hand, a peacock feather in the other hand, a pajna in the feet and women perform the dance with a handkerchief in the hand.

This dance is also an inter-village cultural journey of Gond tribes when on the special invitation of the head of another village, men and women of the village, dressed up, go to another village with their cultural troupe on a moonlit winter night. Saila dance begins in the morning with the sound of musical instruments. The host village welcomes this troupe with great respect. At the end, they take blessings by donating a cow and giving tilak and the cultural troupe of that village goes to settle their tracks i.e. to take revenge which is called Girda.

The lyrics of the song are – Tai na na mor na na ga

Naachey god bajay payeri tor

Roop Singh Kushram

Group chief

Gond tribal dance troupe

Mudki, District Dindori (M.P.)

PIN- 481880

About the troupe

Gond tribal dance troupe

Mudki, District Dindori (M.P.)

PIN- 481880

About the troupe

Gond tribal dance troupe

Mudki, District Dindori (M.P.) It is said that for the last many years, i.e. in the year 1974-75, the first presentation of Saila dance was given in the Republic Day Parade in New Delhi. Since then, this dance troupe is operational and has presented Saila dance in the major cities of the country and abroad, such as Delhi, Bhopal, Gwalior, Raipur, Bilaspur, Calcutta, Bombay, Allahabad, Sanchi, Daltonganj, Bokaro, Dhanbad, Baikunthpur, Ambikapur, Amarkantak, Surguja, Jabalpur, Chitrakoot, Haridwar, Dehradun, Lohardaga, Hazaribagh, Nagpur, Sangli, Ujjain, Indore, Khajuraho etc. Presentation in Ramlila Festival under the aegis of Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delhi in Lok Yatra programmes organized under North Madhya Pradesh Cultural Centre, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh and South Madhya Pradesh Cultural Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra; Presentation in programmes organized by Indira Gandhi National Museum, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh; Madhya Pradesh Government, Culture Department, Tribal Folk Art and Dialect Development Academy, Culture Council, M.P. Bhopal's Lokrang Festival, Dharohar Festival, Sampada Festival, Khajuraho Festival, Malwa Festival, Tribal Tribe Research Institute, M.P. Presented in Adirang Utsav, Meghmadal Utsav, Adirag Utsav of Bhopal, participated in various programs at block level, district level, division level and state level and performed Saila dance and presented Saila dance in Desi Mahotsav organized by Sangeet Natak Academy New Delhi in Itarsi Madhya Pradesh and in the festival of various expressions of Desi India in Jodhpur Rajasthan.

In the program organized by Lalit Kala Academy Regional Center Lucknow Uttar Pradesh-

Main instruments- Madar, Timki, Shehnai, Gudum, Manjira, Chatkula etc.

Costume- Women- Dhutia (Saree), Blouse, Bindiya, Payal, Kardora, Bahkar, Chudi, Mala, Guria, Hawal, Sutia, Handkerchief, Peacock Feather Plumage etc.

Men - Dhoti, Kurta, Jacket, Pheta, Chita, Kalgi, Paijna, Danda, Jhaali etc.

Roop Singh Kushram

Team Leader

Gond Tribal Dance Group

Mudki, District Dindori (MP)

Pin- 481880